| Rural (N = 115) M (SD)a | Urban (N = 139) M (SD)a | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Ask | Â | Â | Â |
Assess tobacco use status and history | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.3 (1.0) | .51 |
Advise (overall mean score) | 2.8 (0.8) | 2.8 (0.7) | .66 |
Advise to quit using tobacco | 2.8 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.0) | .83 |
Explain tobacco use effects | 2.8 (0.9) | 2.9 (0.8) | .41 |
Explain second-hand smoke effects | 2.7 (1.0) | 2.8 (0.9) | .66 |
Explain how tobacco contributed to illness | 2.8 (0.9) | 2.5 (1.0) | .01 |
Assess (overall mean score) | 2.2 (0.8) | 2.1 (0.8) | .19 |
Encourage patients to quitting again | 2.5 (1.0) | 2.5 (1.1) | .66 |
Motivate patients to quit | 2.6 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.1) | .16 |
Help set a quit-date | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.6) | .10 |
Assist (overall mean score) | 2.1 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.6) | < .01 |
Suggest actions to quit or cut down | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.2 (1.0) | .01 |
Use written materials to help patients | 2.4 (1.0) | 1.6 (0.9) | < .01 |
Recommend alternatives for tobacco | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.1 (1.0) | .14 |
Recommend or suggest NRT | 2.2 (1.0) | 1.9 (1.0) | .01 |
Teach coping skills to prevent relapse | 2.0 (0.9) | 1.7 (0.9) | .01 |
Instruct on the use of pharmacotherapy | 2.0 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.9) | < .01 |
Recommend or suggest bupropion | 1.8 (1.0) | 1.4 (0.7) | < .01 |
Discuss patients' tobacco use with family | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.6) | .04 |
Arrange (overall mean score) | 2.1 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.7) | < .01 |
Refer to cessation resources | 2.1 (1.0) | 1.7 (0.9) | < .01 |
Refer to other healthcare professionals | 2.0 (1.0) | 1.5 (0.8) | < .01 |