The association between higher nurse staffing standards in the fee schedules and the geographic distribution of hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study using nationwide administrative data

Morioka, Noriko; Tomio, Jun; Seto, Toshikazu; Kobayashi, Yasuki

doi:10.1186/s12912-017-0219-1

Table 3 Result of linear regression analysis for the number of nursing staff per 100,000 population

From: The association between higher nurse staffing standards in the fee schedules and the geographic distribution of hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study using nationwide administrative data

	Nurse density						Associate nurse density						Nursing aid density
	Non-standardized^d			Standardized			Non-standardized^d			Standardized			Non-standardized^d			Standardized
	β	95% CI		β	95% CI		β	95% CI		β	95% CI		β	95% CI		β	95% CI
Hospital bed densities per 100,000 population
Beds with a 7:1 patient-to-nurse ratio	0.49	0.41	0.57^***	0.62	0.56	0.68^***	0.05	0.01	0.10^*	0.16	0.09	0.23^***	0.09	0.05	0.13^***	0.24	0.17	0.30^***
Beds with a 10:1 patient-to-nurse ratio	0.36	0.29	0.43^***	0.46	0.39	0.53^***	0.05	0.03	0.08^***	0.15	0.09	0.22^***	0.10	0.06	0.13^***	0.25	0.19	0.31^***
Beds with a 13:1 patient-to-nurse ratio	0.24	0.05	0.44^*	0.07	0.02	0.12^*	0.02	−0.05	0.09	0.01	−0.04	0.06	0.06	−0.03	0.14	0.03	−0.01	0.08
Beds with a 15:1 patient-to-nurse ratio	0.33	0.19	0.47^***	0.12	0.07	0.18^***	0.22	0.15	0.28^***	0.20	0.14	0.25^***	0.12	0.03	0.21^*	0.09	0.04	0.14^***
Intensive care unit beds^a	3.27	2.34	4.21^***	0.30	0.24	0.36^***	−0.06	−0.42	0.30	−0.01	−0.07	0.05	0.29	0.03	0.55^*	0.05	0.00	0.11
Long-term care ward beds	0.18	0.09	0.27^***	0.17	0.11	0.24^***	0.18	0.13	0.23^***	0.42	0.36	0.47^***	0.29	0.25	0.32^***	0.56	0.51	0.61^***
Psychiatric ward beds	0.17	0.11	0.22^***	0.19	0.13	0.25^***	0.11	0.08	0.14^***	0.30	0.24	0.36^***	0.15	0.13	0.17^***	0.34	0.29	0.40^***
Socioecomic variables
Population density (refefence: 1st quartile)
2nd quartile	31.78	1.35	62.21^*	0.09	0.03	0.16^*	−18.78	−32.79	−4.77*	−0.13	−0.19	−0.07^***	−3.95	−19.03	11.13	−0.02	−0.08	0.03
3rd quartile	10.12	−18.94	39.18	0.03	−0.05	0.10	−14.01	−27.69	−0.32*	−0.10	−0.17	−0.03**	−9.83	−27.30	7.63	−0.06	−0.13	0.01
4th quartile	24.32	−12.67	61.32	0.07	−0.04	0.18	−17.39	−32.75	−2.04*	−0.12	−0.23	−0.02*	−6.79	−31.05	17.48	−0.04	−0.14	0.06
Unemployment rate (%)	−2.12	−8.29	4.04	−0.02	−0.08	0.04	2.71	−0.78	6.20	0.06	0.01	0.12*	2.74	−0.43	5.90	0.05	0.00	0.11*
Per capita income (100,000 yen/person)	3.08	−0.08	6.24	0.09	0.00	0.19	−1.76	−2.72	−0.80**	−0.13	−0.22	−0.04**	−1.56	−2.72	−0.41**	−0.10	−0.18	−0.01*
Standard number of beds in Prefectural Medical Care Plans (1,000 beds)	4.16	0.86	7.46^*	0.09	0.02	0.17^*	−1.23	−2.12	−0.33**	−0.07	−0.13	0.00	0.17	−0.99	1.33	0.01	−0.06	0.07
Nurse workforce related variables
Average annual wage of nurses (100,000 yen)^b,c	−8.53	−12.66	−4.41^***	−0.18	−0.26	−0.11^***	−1.18	−2.99	0.62	−0.06	−0.13	0.01	−1.22	−3.16	0.71	−0.05	−0.12	0.02
The number of graduates from nursing schools per 100,000 population^c	−2.10	−16.33	12.12	−0.01	−0.07	0.05							0.00	−0.34	0.34	0.00	−0.06	0.06
The number of graduates from associate nursing schools per 100,000 population^c							1.32	0.59	2.04**	0.16	0.10	0.22***
Turnover rate^c	−7.82	−13.25	−2.40**	−0.12	−0.19	−0.05**	5.26	2.59	7.94***	0.19	0.12	0.25***	5.78	2.86	8.69***	0.176	0.11	0.24***
Adj R-squared	0.76						0.79						0.82

^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01, ^*** p < 0.001
^aIntensive care units include emergency departments, high dependency units, stroke care units, neonatal and pediatric intensive care units, and maternal-fetal intensive care units
^b1 US$ = 109 yen as of June 3, 2016
^cThe data at prefecture level were substituted
^dWith clusters robust standard errors at the prefecture level

Back to article page

ISSN: 1472-6955

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com

BMC Nursing

Contact us