Table 2 Identified key concepts

Review of the existing curriculum in undergraduate nursing programs

Curriculum enhancement

Increase knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurse educators and preceptors on PPM.

PPM competence development

Correct pain misconceptions and promote positive attitudes for PPM (patient safety culture)

Develop, review, and disseminate PPM policy, guidelines, and protocols (PPM in quality care improvement indicators)

Nurse empowerment

Empowering nurses for clinical decision-making toward PPM

Securing resources for PPM

Improving collaboration between nurse educators and preceptors

Collaboration reinforcement