Table 4 The differences in nurses’ PSC latent profiles in demography, error management climate, psychological safety and proactive behavior (n = 782)
Variable | Respondents | Low-competency | Medium-competency | High-competence | χ2/F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 45 (5.75%) | 6 (8.11%) | 18 (4.76%) | 21 (6.36%) | 2.799 | 0.247 |
 Female | 737(94.25%) | 68 (91.89%) | 360 (95.24%) | 309 (93.64%) |  |  |
Age(year) | ||||||
 < 25 | 14 (1.79%) | 1 (1.35%) | 8 (2.12%) | 5 (1.52%) | 31.489 | < 0.001* |
 25–30 | 180 (23.02%) | 18 (24.32%) | 93 (24.60%) | 69 (20.91%) |  |  |
 31–40 | 463 (59.21%) | 50 (67.56%) | 216 (57.14%) | 197 (59.70%) |  |  |
 41–50 | 99 (12.66%) | 4 (5.41%) | 42 (11.11%) | 53 (16.06%) |  |  |
 > 50 | 26 (3.32%) | 1 (1.35%) | 19 (5.03%) | 6 (1.82%) |  |  |
Working years | ||||||
 < 5 | 207 (26.47%) | 38 (51.35%) | 85 (22.49%) | 84 (25.45%) | 86.806 | < 0.001* |
 5–10 | 353 (45.14%) | 5 (6.76%) | 206 (54.50%) | 142 (43.03%) |  |  |
 11–15 | 186 (23.79%) | 23 (31.08%) | 79 (20.90%) | 84 (25.45%) |  |  |
 > 15 | 36 (4.60%) | 8 (10.81%) | 8 (2.12%) | 20 (6.06%) |  |  |
Professional titles | ||||||
 Primary | 412 (52.69%) | 70 (94.59%) | 191 (50.53%) | 151 (45.76%) | 76.277 | < 0.001* |
 Intermediate | 338 (43.22%) | 2 (2.70%) | 177 (46.83%) | 159 (48.18%) |  |  |
 Senior | 32 (4.09%) | 2 (2.70%) | 10 (2.65%) | 20 (6.06%) |  |  |
Education | ||||||
 Junior college | 53 (6.78%) | 11 (14.86%) | 22 (5.82%) | 20 (6.06%) | 26.859 | < 0.001* |
 Undergraduate | 698 (89.26%) | 62 (83.78%) | 347 (91.80%) | 289 (87.58%) |  |  |
 Graduate | 31 (3.96%) | 1 (1.35%) | 9 (2.38%) | 21 (6.36%) |  |  |
Marital status | ||||||
 Married | 517 (66.11%) | 52 (70.27%) | 245 (64.81%) | 220 (66.67%) | 2.610 | 0.625 |
 Unmarried | 206 (26.34%) | 19 (25.68%) | 101 (26.72%) | 86 (26.06%) |  |  |
 Divorced/widowed | 59 (7.54%) | 3 (4.05%) | 32 (8.47%) | 24 (7.27%) |  |  |
Employment form | ||||||
 Contract | 599 (76.60%) | 53 (71.62%) | 290 (76.72%) | 256 (77.58%) | 1.426 | 0.490 |
 Staff | 183 (23.40%) | 21 (28.38%) | 88 (23.28%) | 74 (22.42%) |  |  |
Departments | ||||||
 Internal medicine | 356 (45.52%) | 38 (51.35%) | 185 (48.94%) | 133 (40.30%) | 107.062 | < 0.001* |
 Surgery | 227 (29.02%) | 17 (23.97%) | 127 (33.60%) | 83 (25.15%) |  |  |
 Gynecology | 52 (6.65%) | 7 (9.46%) | 20 (5.29%) | 25 (7.58%) |  |  |
 Pediatrics | 44 (5.63%) | 7 (9.46%) | 22 (5.82%) | 15 (4.55%) |  |  |
 Emergency | 57 (7.29%) | 1 (1.35) | 16 (4.23%) | 40 (12.12%) |  |  |
 ICU | 46 (5.88%) | 4 (5.41%) | 8 (2.12%) | 34 (10.30%) |  |  |
 Error management climate | 70.28 ± 11.93 | 55.53 ± 17.42 | 68.04 ± 8.07 | 76.15 ± 10.32 | 139.768 | < 0.001* |
 Psychological safety | 61.21 ± 13.44 | 47.18 ± 13.28 | 57.56 ± 10.02 | 68.54 ± 12.70 | 140.120 | < 0.001* |
 Proactive behavior | 37.60 ± 7.33 | 27.68 ± 8.43 | 35.97 ± 5.99 | 41.69 ± 5.36 | 191.109 | < 0.001* |