Evaluating the Effect of TeamSTEPPS on Teamwork Perceptions and Patient Safety Culture among Newly Graduated Nurses

Table 3 Teamwork perceptions among participants throughout the different phases of the training program

Teamwork perceptions	Time points	Mean ± SD	f/p	P1	P2	η²p	Cronbach's α coefficient
A. Team structure	T0	19.17 ± 6.41	235.05	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.70	0.86
	T1	28.99 ± 2.65	< 0.001
	T2	28.82 ± 3.09
B. Leadership	T0	16.92 ± 7.09	216.61	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.62	0.90
	T1	29.13 ± 4.19	< 0.001
	T2	28.11 ± 5.06
C. Situational monitoring	T0	16.24 ± 7.62	322.31	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.71	0.94
	T1	29.54 ± 2.69	< 0.001
	T2	28.89 ± 3.24
D. Mutual support	T0	17.02 ± 7.13	297.68	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.69	0.88
	T1	28.60 ± 2.03	< 0.001
	T2	28.22 ± 2.80
E. Communication	T0	21.35 ± 3.85	236.76	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.64	0.87
	T1	29.02 ± 2.80	< 0.001
	T2	28.27 ± 3.47
Overall	T0	91.02 ± 31.10	307.06	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.70	0.92
	T1	145.27 ± 12.87	< 0.001
	T2	142.30 ± 15.74

p1: paired t-test between baseline and immediate after program / p2: paired t-test between baseline and 2 months follow up

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