Table 1 Related work about nurses’ perceptions on AI

Knowledge

Uncertainties in terminology and lack of AI knowledge

[5, 17, 22]

Lack of experience & application in nursing

[5, 17, 19, 23, 24]

Attitudes

AI enhances nursing outcomes & reliefs staff^a

[5, 13, 15, 25, 26]

AI increases efficiency & reduces costs^a

[15, 26, 27]

AI is available, user-friendly & easy to use^a

[27, 28]

AI changes organizations & workflows^b

[5, 13, 15]

AI changes leadership^b

[15, 29]

AI influences nursing roles^b

[5, 13, 15]

AI isn’t capable enough to replace human interaction^c

[10, 15]

AI as frightening threat & mistrust^c

[5, 8, 25, 26]

Unawareness of advantages & applications^c

[8, 29,30,31]

Worries about patient relationship & safety^c

[10, 13, 27]

Barriers

Anxiety of job loss and full automation

[25, 27, 30]

Missing education and sensitization

[5, 22, 25]

Lack of data and interfaces to train AI

[8, 23, 27]

Errors, unexpected results and AI trustworthiness

[20, 25]

Regulatory Frameworks and Data Protection

[5, 21, 23, 27]

Facilitators

Positive Outcomes increases intention to use AI

[1, 25]

Proactive define AI & advocate for patients

[13, 21]

Empathetic & personalised AI applications

[12, 27]

Application in health monitoring, documentation, communication, & clinical decisions support

[20, 23, 24]

Training & Information about AI

[20, 30, 31]

IT clinicians & technical infrastructure

[8, 15, 20]

Further Research

AI applications & outcomes, esp. relief of nurses

[1, 4, 10, 15, 17, 21, 23]

Nursing perspective, acceptance, nursing role

[12, 13, 18, 20, 27, 29]

Acceptance & user-centered design

[31, 32]

Ethical, social & legal implications

[8, 17, 22, 23, 25]

Limitations: response, study sample & lab settings

[1, 5, 15, 17, 23, 27]