Table 2 Constructs and dimensions of identified tools/models

Campinha-Bacote

The Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services Model

1994

Cultural competence as a process involving the integration of cultural awareness, cultural skill, cultural knowledge, cultural encounters, and cultural desires.

Davidhizar R, Giger JN Hannenpluf LW

Giger-Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment (GDTAM)

1988

The Giger-Davidhizaar Transcultural Assessment Model helps in assessing differences between people in cultural groups by considering communication, space, social organization, time, environmental control, and biological variations.

Davidson JU, Reigier T, Boos S.

Family Cultural Heritage Assessment Tool (FAMCHAT)

1997

The tool is designed as a qualitative assessment tool with open-ended questions on a number of variables including beliefs system, language, influence of acculturation, and formal and informal group membership.

Kim-Godwin WS, Clarke PN, Barton L.

The Culturally Competent Community Care model (CCCC)

2001

The proposed constructs of culturally competent care in this model are: caring, cultural sensitivity, cultural knowledge, and cultural skills in community-based settings with focus on ethnic populations.

Narayanasamy A.

A ssessment, C ommunication, C ultural negotiation and compromise, E stablishing respect and rapport, S ensitivity, S afety (ACCESS)model

1999

The model delineates communication as the crux of cultural care. Nurses are required to make efforts to become aware of others' cultures by negotiation and compromise, while establishing respect and rapport and showing sensitivity to all aspects of patients' needs.

Purnell L.

The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence

1995

This model has twelve domains which flow from general to more specific cultural phenomena:

heritage, communication, family roles and organization, workforce issues, bio-cultural ecology, high-risk behaviours, nutrition, pregnancy and childbearing practices, death rituals, spirituality, and health care practice, and health care practitioner.

Papadopoulos, Tilki & Taylor

The Papadopoulos, Tilki and Taylor model for developing cultural competence

2004

Cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity and cultural competence.

Leininger M.

The Sunrise model

1955

Popular model of transcultural nursing which focuses on: technological factors, religious & philosophical factors, kinship and social factors, cultural values and life ways, political and legal factors, economic factors, and educational factors within the individual, families, groups, communities and institutions. Additional concepts are: cultural care preservation/maintenance, cultural care accommodation/negotiation, cultural care repatterning/restructuring, and finally the worldview of the provider.