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Table 3 Treatment effect on time to healing adjusted for explanatory co-variates

From: The Canadian Bandaging Trial: Evidence-informed leg ulcer care and the effectiveness of two compression technologies

  

Bivariate Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

 

Variable

Sig.

Hazard Ratio (C.I)

Sig.

Hazard Ratio (C.I)

Centre1

Grouping 1

< 0.01

1.0

< 0.01

1.0

 

Grouping 2

< 0.01

2.2 (1.6-3.1)

< 0.01

1.8 (1.2-2.6)

 

Grouping 3

< 0.01

2.8 (2.0-4.0)

< 0.01

2.3 (1.6-3.4)

 

Grouping 4

< 0.01

2.6 (1.8-3.7)

< 0.01

2.5 (1.7-3.7)

 

Grouping 5

< 0.01

4.2 (3.2-5.6)

< 0.01

3.7 (2.7-5.0)

Gender2

Male

-

1.0

-

1.0

 

Female

0.34

1.1 (.90-1.4)

0.26

1.1 (.91-1.4)

Age

Decades

< 0.01

1.1 (1.1-1.2)

0.04

1.1 (1.0-1.1)

Living situation

Alone

-

1.0

-

1.0

 

With others

0.09

1.2 (.97-1.5)

0.08

1.2 (.98-1.5)

Co-morbidities

None

< 0.01

1.0

 

n.s.

 

1-2

0.06

1.3 (1.0-1.7)

  
 

> 3

< 0.01

2.2 (1.5-1.3)

  

Pain on Admission

Yes

-

1.0

 

n.s

 

No

0.02

1.5 (1.1-2.1)

  

Mobility

Fully mobile

-

1.0

 

n.s

 

Walks with assistance/immobile

0.02

1.4 (1.1-1.7)

  

Ankle flexion

Full flexion

-

1.0

 

n.s

 

Impaired/no flexion

0.10

1.3 (.96-1.6)

  

Edema

Yes

-

1.0

 

N/A

 

No

0.86

1.0 (.77-1.4)

  

ABPI

 

< 0.01

5.7 (3.0-10.9)

 

n.s

Previous Ulcer

Yes

-

1.0

 

N/A

 

No

0.64

1.0 (.86-1.3)

  

Ulcer duration

≤ 12 weeks

< 0.01

1.8 (1.5-2.2)

 

n.s

 

> 12 weeks

-

1.0

  

Ulcer size

≤ 2.5 cm

< 0.01

2.7 (2.1-3.5)

< 0.01

2.1 (1.5-2.7)

 

> 2.5 to ≤ 10 cm

< 0.01

1.6 (1.2-2.0)

< 0.01

1.5 (1.1-2.0)

 

> 10 cm

< 0.01

1.0

< 0.01

1.0

Allocated Bandage

Four layer

-

1.0

0.77

1.0

 

Short stretch

0.99

1.0 (.82-1.2)

 

1.0 (.84-1.3)

  1. 1Study centres have been concealed for anonymity and grouped by geographic region where n < 50
  2. 2Gender and Allocated Bandage were forced into the model
  3. 3For the bivariate analysis, the sample size was 424 for most variables (408 for pain on admission, 420 for edema, 423 for ABPI) and 39 cases were censored. For the multivariable model, a total of 24 were excluded due to missing data and 36 were censored.
  4. N/A = Variable not entered into Cox Regression (p > 0.15)
  5. n.s. = Variable not selected for Cox Regression final model