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Table 3 Group means (SD) and P-values from two-way ANOVA

From: Do knowledge, knowledge sources and reasoning skills affect the accuracy of nursing diagnoses? a randomised study

Scalea

Experimental conditions

Groupsb

A & D

B & C

B & D

A & C

Main effect PES-format P-Valuec

Main effect Hand-Books & Assess-ment format P-Valuec

Inter-action effect P-Valuec

Dependent Variable

No PES-format

PES-Format

No Handbooks and no Assessment format

Handbooks & Assessment format

Accuracy of ND

4.0 (1.1)

5.4 (1.0)

4.8 (1.3)

4.7 (1.2)

<0.001*

0.780

0.956

Number of relevant ND

4.0 (1.3)

3.8 (1.2)

3.9 (1.3)

3.9 (1.3)

0.148

0.956

0.612

Knowledge Inventory

3.4 (1.1)

3.5 (1.2)

3.6 (1.2)

3.3 (1.2)

0.553

0.025*

0.936

CCTDI

       

Truth-seeking

41.5 (5.9)

40.2 (5.5)

41.4 (4.9)

40.4 (6.1)

0.065

0.168

0.217

Open-Mindedness

37.9 (3.7)

37.3 (4.5)

37.2 (4.1)

37.8 (4.1)

0.303

0.308

0.268

Analyticity

43.5 (4.7)

44.2 (4.6)

44.4 (4.7)

43.5 (4.7)

0.259

0.174

0.067

Systematicity

44.8 (6.1)

46.2 (5.5)

45.9 (5.9)

45.3 (5.8)

0.063

0.441

0.039*

Self-confidence

44.2 (5.6)

44.2 (5.0)

44.8 (5.3)

43.9 (5.3)

0.953

0.186

0.207

Inquisitiveness

48.0 (5.8)

47.4 (5.3)

47.6 (6.0)

47.7 (5.2)

0.438

0.879

0.553

Maturity

44.0 (6.6)

44.3 (5.4)

44.3 (5.4)

44.0 (6.4)

0.693

0.754

0.173

HSRT

       

Analysis

3.0 (1.4)

2.9 (1.2)

3.0 (1.4)

2.9 (1.2)

0.617

0.545

0.320

Inference

2.6 (1.1)

2.8 (1.4)

2.7 (1.2)

2.8 (1.3)

0.135

0.553

0.504

Evaluation

4.8 (1.1)

4.8 (1.0)

4.8 (1.1)

4.7 (1.0)

0.693

0.507

0.891

Induction

7.0 (1.4)

7.2 (1.5)

7.2 (1.5)

7.1 (1.4)

0.311

0.683

0.949

Deduction

4.6 (2.1)

4.7 (2.1)

4.8 (2.0)

4.6 (2.2)

0.521

0.373

0.760

  1. aMean (SD).
  2. bGroup A had the opportunity to use handbooks and assessment format and free text format (blank paper).
  3. Group B had the opportunity to use a predefined record structure (PES-Format).
  4. Group C had the opportunity to use handbooks and assessment format and a predefined record structure (PES-Format).
  5. Group D did not have the opportunity to use handbooks and assessment format or PES-Format at all (control group).
  6. c ANOVA * P < .05.
  7. Note: ND = nursing diagnoses; CCTDI = California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory; HSRT = Health Science Reasoning Test.