Table 1 24-item French version of the Attitudes towards morphine use questionnaire: internal consistency (n = 458)

1

It means it is serious

2

It decreases life expectancy

3

[The patient] can get used quickly and one takes the risk of increasing the dose

4

Once treatment is initiated, there is the risk of being unable to stop

5

All patients can be prescribed morphine regardless of the type of pain

6

The early use of morphine makes it difficult to use any other treatment in severe pain

7

IV administration is more effective than oral administration

8

The patients are against the prescription of morphine

9

The prescription of morphine means that there is no life expectation

10

There are other more effective drugs, hence the use of morphine is not justified

11

It is difficult to use and dose morphine

12

For some types of pain, it is necessary to use morphine

13

Morphine is a drug of last resort

14

One can stop taking morphine whenever one wants to

15

The prescription of morphine should be avoided for terminally ill patients

16

Sensation of pain decreases with age in the elderly, which does not justify its use

17

Risk of drug addiction

18

Risk of delirium or euphoria

19

Risk of drowsiness and sedation

20

Risk of respiratory depression

21

Legal risk compared to other drugs

22

Risk of physical and/or psychological dependence

23

Risk of discrimination

24

Risk of urinary retention