Skip to main content

Table 5 Overview of main results

From: Preventing falls among older people with mental health problems: a systematic review

Intervention/study

Fallers (fell at least once)

Rate/number of falls

Fall related injuries/fractures

Other

Quality score

Nursing/residential care: single

Exercise

     

Buettner 2002 [28]2

Reduced* ; RR 0.57 95% CI 0.37, 0.89

   

0/6

Rosendahl 2008 [43]1

No difference; RR 1.04 95% CI 0.78, 1.37

Reduced; IRR 0.82 (0.49-1.39)

Hip fractures –Reduced RR 0.16 95% CI 0.01, 3.01

 

5/6

Social environment

Detweiler 2005 [29]2

Falls (total number): Reduced* P = 0.024

  

Fall severity – No difference

3/64

Chenoweth 2009 [27]2

 

DCM v control Reduced* p = 0.02

  

4/6

PCC v control Increased* p = 0.03

Shimada 2009 (45)1

Reduced* P = 0.012

Reduced * p = 0.046

  

3/64

Environment/assistive technology

Detweiler 2009 [30]2

 

Reduced* P = 0.05

  

2/64

Knowledge

Bouwen 2008 [26]1

Reduced*; RR 0.57 (0.37, 0.89)

No difference p = 0.10

  

4/6

Sensory

Klages 2011 [36]2

 

No difference; p = 0.47

  

4/6

Sakamoto 2012 [44]1

Reduced: RR 0.71 95% CI 0.48,1.05

Reduced * IRR 0.57 (95% CI 0.32-0.99)

  

6/6

Nursing/residential care: multifactorial

Jensen 2003 [35]3

CI: No difference p = .352

 

Injuries

  

CI grp – No difference IRR 0.9 (95% CI 0.5-1.3)

No CI: Reduce d* p = .020

No CI grp – No difference IRR 0.9 (95% CI 0.5-1.5)

Hip fractures

CI group Reduced* p = .006

Neyens 2006 [40]2

 

Reduced *; RR 0.64 95% CI 0.43, 0.96

  

4/6

Rapp 2008 [41]3; Becker 20031

 

Cognitively impaired3

Hip fractures1 – Increased

Time to first fall3 (cognitively impaired versus cognitively intact) – Increased*

5/6

Reduced *; Incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.43 (0.28-0.66)

RR 1.11 95% CI 0.49, 2.51

Depression (at least one sign)

RR 0.49 95% CI 0.35, 0.69

Reduced; IRR 0.74 (0.51-1.09)

Ray 1997 [42]1

  

Injurious falls

Recurrent fallers – reduced

4/6

Reduced

RR 0.75 95% CI 0.48, 1.17

RR 0.83 95% CI 0.68, 1.02

Shaw 2003 [46]2

Reduced; RR 0.92 95% CI 0.81, 1.05

  

Fall related A&E admissions – increased

6/6

RR 1.25 95% CI 0.91, 1.72

Hospital: single

Knowledge

     

Haines 2011 [33]3

Complete intervention vs control

Complete intervention vs control

Injuries

Cognitively impaired

6/6

Increased

Proportion who fell no difference – complete program 26%, control 24%

RR 1.84 95% Cl 0.93, 3.62

Increased; 1.38 (0.70, 2.75)

Increased; HR 1.48 (0.86-2.53)

Materials only vs control

Materials only vs control

Decreased; OR 0.92 (0.48-1.78)

No difference; HR 0.99 (0.55-1.78)

Environment (social)

     

Mador 2004 [38]2

Increased; RR 2.43 (0.84-7.03)

   

4/6

Hospital: multifactorial

Stenvall 2007 [47]1

Reduced*; RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.64, 0.96)

Reduced* IRR 0.38 (95% CI 0.20-0.76)1

Injuries & serious injuries

 

6/6

Reduced* IRR 0.07 (95% CI 0.01-0.57) - PWD

Reduced* (p = 0.002, p = 0.055)

Community based: multifactorial

Faes 2011 [32]1

Increased RR 1.39 95% CI 0.66, 2.93

Increased RR 2.12 (95% CI 0.6 – 7.56) p = 0.25

  

4/6

Mackintosh 2005 [37]2

No difference p = 0.27

   

3/64

Wesson 2013 [51]2

Reduced; RR 0.50 (95% CI 0.11, 2.19)

Reduced: IRR 0.34 (0.06, 1.91)

  

5/6

Salminen 2009 [43]3

 

Reduced* in participants with higher N depressive symptoms

  

5/6

  

IRR 0.50 (0.28-0.88)

   
  1. *statistically significant.
  2. DCM, dementia care mapping; PCC, person centred care; CI, cognitive impairment; PWD, people with dementia.
  3. 1data presented for whole population (e.g. both cognitively impaired and cognitively intact).
  4. 2Participants all (or most) have mental health problems.
  5. 3data presented for subgroup with mental health problem such as cognitive impairment or depression.
  6. 4Uncontrolled study.