Table 4 Factor Matrix (factorloadings > 0.2)

Prevent maceration of the skin

Take care for a clean. dry and square lower layer of bedclothes

Helping non-bedridden patients lift up or assume a different position

Involving the patient in prevention

Assessing risk by means of an instrument and clinical judgment

Using air mattresses and pillows

Using visco elastic (foam) mattresses and pillows

Smearing the skin with topical agents to prevent dehydration

Involving family/friends/caregivers in prevention

Assessing nutritional state and preventing a nutritrional deficiency

Ensuring good hygiene

Using a 30-degree side to side turn at least every 4 hours

Avoid contact of the heels with the lower layer by putting a pillow under the lower legs

Prevent shear forces

Smearing the skin with topical agents in case of urine and/or faeces incontinence

Using a cradle

Reactivation and mobilisation by paramedics

Wrapping the heels/elbows in natural cotton wool and bandages

Using ice compresses

Using warm compresses

Massage

Using water mattresses and pillows

Using gel mattresses and pillows

Inserting a catheter to prevent maceration of the skin

Smearing the skin (with topical agents) to prevent disturbance in blood supply caused by pressure

Using a 90-degree side to side turn at least every 4 hours

Avoid contact of the heels with the lower layer by using ring-shaped cushions or gloves filled with water

Using a sheepskin

Eigenvalue (% of variance)