Table 3 Checklist for dehydration risk
Vivanti 2010 [17] | Vivanti 2008 [18] | Wotton [19] | Mentes and Wang [26] | Zembrzuski [21] | NHS East of England [22] | GULP [20] | Mentes and Iowa-Veterans [23] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
History | ||||||||
Age | X | X | ✓70+ | ✓85+ | ✓85+ | X | X | ✓85+ |
Constipation/incontinence | X | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | ✓ |
Diarrhoea/vomiting | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ |
Dietary restrictions | X | X | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ |
Difficulty swallowing | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | ✓ |
Dizziness/light-headedness | X | X | X | X | X | X | ✓ | X |
Feeling thirsty | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ |
Low mood | X | X | X | ✓ | X | X | X | ✓ |
Medication | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Multiple medical conditions | X | X | ✓3+ | X | X | X | X | ✓4+ |
Poor mobility/ falls/weakness | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ |
Pain | ✓ | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Recent hospitalisation | X | X | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | X | X |
Repeated UTIs/Infections | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ |
Visual difficulties | X | X | ✓ | X | X | X | X | X |
Observation | ||||||||
 24 hr fluid intake/output | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
 Blood pressure/pulse | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
 Confusion | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
 Drowsy/lethargic | X | X | X | X | ✓ | X | ✓ | X |
 Dry mouth/tongue/eyes/skin | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
 Fever | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ |
 Increased respiration | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | X | X | X |
 Low body weight/Malnutrition | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ |
 Open wound | X | X | X | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | X |
 Sweating | X | X | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ |
Bedside test | ||||||||
 Hyperglycaemia | X | X | ✓ | X | X | X | ✓ | X |
Urine | ||||||||
 Colour | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
 Gravity | X | X | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | X | ✓ |
Score Performance | ||||||||
Sens % | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Internal Consistency Theta coefficient 0.68 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
Spec % | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
Inter-rater reliability % | 83–87% | Unknown | KMO 0.6 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | |
Compliance % | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | |
Dehydration present | N/A | Factor loadings for the questions ranged from −0.012–0.567 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
Hydration response protocol | X | X | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |