Table 3 Percentage and p-value of rural attitude, perceived competencies, and intention to public work against background characteristics
Positive attitudes towards | Perceived competency in: | Job preference pro-public sector | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Working in rural areas | Role of school in preparation for rural work | Critical thinking | Professionalism | Leadership | Management | Lifelong-learning | Immediately | 5 years’ time | ||||||||||
No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
Sex | P = 0.172 | P = 0.956 | P = 0.124 | P = 0.046 | P = 0.119 | P = 0.035 | P = 0.657 | P = 0.022 | P = 0.038 | |||||||||
• Male | 7.8 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 8.0 | 6.9 |
• Female | 92.2 | 92.9 | 92.6 | 92.6 | 93.1 | 92.3 | 93.1 | 92.1 | 93.1 | 92.3 | 91.8 | 92.9 | 92.3 | 92.6 | 91.8 | 93.1 | 92.0 | 93.1 |
Age in years | P = 0.002 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.733 | P = 0.014 | P = 0.003 | P = 0.946 | P = 0.258 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.4164 | |||||||||
Domicile during childhood period | P < 0.001 | P = 0.005 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.002 | P = 0.015 | P = 0.431 | P = 0.217 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||||||||
• Rural | 55.2 | 49.8 | 51.6 | 52.6 | 49.8 | 53.7 | 52.1 | 52.1 | 53.8 | 51.1 | 51.5 | 52.4 | 50.2 | 52.5 | 45.7 | 55.7 | 45.9 | 56.6 |
• Semi-urban | 24.6 | 25.8 | 26.6 | 23.9 | 26.3 | 24.6 | 26.5 | 24.1 | 24.9 | 25.5 | 26.1 | 24.9 | 26.4 | 25.0 | 26.5 | 24.5 | 27.2 | 23.9 |
• Urban | 20.2 | 24.4 | 21.8 | 23.5 | 23.9 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 23.8 | 21.3 | 23.4 | 22.4 | 22.7 | 23.4 | 22.5 | 27.8 | 19.8 | 26.9 | 19.5 |
Domicile of high schools | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.004 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||||||||
• Rural | 26.3 | 23.8 | 21.6 | 28.2 | 23.6 | 25.7 | 25.3 | 24.5 | 28.0 | 22.9 | 26.0 | 24.4 | 26.4 | 24.6 | 23.4 | 25.6 | 21.3 | 27.4 |
• Semi-urban | 40.1 | 36.5 | 39.9 | 36.1 | 39.8 | 36.8 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 38.9 | 37.5 | 40.5 | 36.9 | 40.9 | 37.4 | 35.0 | 39.9 | 37.3 | 38.6 |
• Urban | 33.6 | 39.7 | 38.5 | 35.7 | 36.5 | 37.5 | 35.1 | 38.9 | 33.1 | 39.6 | 33.5 | 38.7 | 32.7 | 38.0 | 41.6 | 34.5 | 41.4 | 34.0 |
Domicile of parents | P < 0.001 | P = 0.038 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.025 | P = 0.036 | P = 0.249 | P = 0.121 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||||||||
• Rural | 53.9 | 49.7 | 50.6 | 52.4 | 48.8 | 53.3 | 50.9 | 51.9 | 53.1 | 50.5 | 50.3 | 52.0 | 49.5 | 51.9 | 44.9 | 55.1 | 44.9 | 56.1 |
• Semi-urban | 25.0 | 25.3 | 26.2 | 24.1 | 6.2 | 24.4 | 26.4 | 24.1 | 24.3 | 25.6 | 26.1 | 24.8 | 25.5 | 25.1 | 26.2 | 24.6 | 26.9 | 24.0 |
• Urban | 21.1 | 25.0 | 23.2 | 23.5 | 25.0 | 22.3 | 22.7 | 24.0 | 22.5 | 23.9 | 23.6 | 23.2 | 25.0 | 23.0 | 28.9 | 20.3 | 28.2 | 19.9 |
Father’s occupation | P = 0.040 | P = 0.027 | P = 0.656 | P = 0.452 | P = 0.923 | P = 0.892 | P = 0.623 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.001 | |||||||||
• Non-professionals | 80.6 | 78.9 | 80.6 | 78.8 | 79.4 | 79.8 | 80.0 | 79.4 | 79.6 | 79.7 | 79.7 | 79.6 | 79.2 | 79.8 | 77.5 | 81.0 | 78.2 | 80.9 |
• Professionals | 19.4 | 21.1 | 19.4 | 21.2 | 80.6 | 20.2 | 20.0 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.4 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 22.5 | 19.0 | 21.8 | 19.2 |
Mother’s occupation | P = 0.221 | P = 0.016 | P = 0.012 | P = 0.551 | P = 0.750 | P = 0.168 | P = 0.589 | P = 0.051 | P < 0.001 | |||||||||
• Non-professionals | 87.8 | 86.9 | 86.5 | 88.1 | 86.3 | 88.0 | 87.1 | 87.5 | 87.1 | 87.4 | 86.6 | 87.6 | 86.9 | 87.4 | 86.4 | 87.8 | 85.6 | 88.5 |
• Professionals | 12.2 | 13.1 | 13.5 | 11.9 | 13.7 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 12.9 | 12.6 | 13.4 | 12.4 | 13.1 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 12.2 | 14.4 | 11.5 |
Father’s education | P < 0.001 | P = 0.100 | P = 0.025 | P = 0.711 | P = 0.720 | P = 0.023 | P = 0.184 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.001 | |||||||||
• Diploma or below | 79.4 | 75.8 | 78.0 | 76.7 | 76.2 | 78.1 | 77.5 | 77.2 | 77.2 | 77.5 | 75.9 | 78.0 | 76.1 | 77.6 | 75.2 | 78.6 | 75.7 | 78.6 |
• Bachelor or above | 20.6 | 24.2 | 22.0 | 23.3 | 23.8 | 21.9 | 22.5 | 22.8 | 22.8 | 22.5 | 24.1 | 22.0 | 23.9 | 22.4 | 24.8 | 21.4 | 24.3 | 21.4 |
Mother’s education | P = 0.086 | P = 0.039 | P = 0.006 | P = 0.444 | P = 0.765 | P = 0.010 | P = 0.022 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||||||||
• Diploma or below | 86.2 | 85.0 | 84.8 | 86.2 | 84.3 | 87.3 | 85.8 | 85.2 | 85.6 | 85.4 | 84.1 | 86.1 | 83.7 | 85.8 | 83.6 | 86.6 | 83.4 | 87.1 |
• Bachelor or above | 13.8 | 15.0 | 15.2 | 13.8 | 15.7 | 13.7 | 14.2 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 14.6 | 15.9 | 13.9 | 16.3 | 14.2 | 16.4 | 13.4 | 16.6 | 12.9 |
Mode of admission | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.045 | P = 0.381 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.001 | P = 0.002 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||||||||
• Other modes | 39.9 | 53.8 | 39.7 | 56.3 | 46.7 | 48.8 | 47.5 | 48.3 | 44.7 | 49.9 | 45.4 | 49.0 | 44.6 | 48.6 | 64.6 | 38.5 | 56.4 | 41.4 |
• National entrance | 60.1 | 46.2 | 60.3 | 43.7 | 53.3 | 51.2 | 52.5 | 51.7 | 55.3 | 50.1 | 54.6 | 51.0 | 55.4 | 51.4 | 35.4 | 61.5 | 43.6 | 58.6 |