Table 2 The means and standard deviations of the responses on the items

1.

Gender can determine the way people relate to others.

2.

Social class is an important factor in determining the way people relate to others.

3.

Gender roles, positions or activities can empower some people over others.

4.

Cultural differences between people can generate conflicts and tensions during interactions.

5.

Cultural differences influence how we interact and relate to others from other cultures.

6.

An interpersonal power imbalance could compromise a healthcare provider’s well-being.

7.

When I interact with people from other cultures, I feel my cultural values and norms are better.

8.

I find it annoying when time is not important for some people from other cultures.

9.

The large number of visitors for patients from other cultures is a nuisance.

10.

Cultural and linguistic differences could compromise healthcare provider’s well-being.

11.

In a multicultural environment, ‘race’ can determine the way people relate to others.

12.

Cultural and linguistic differences between the healthcare provider and patient could compromise patient’s safety.

13.

There are no cultural variations between different cultural groups. [R]

14.

There are no cultural variations within a cultural group of people. [R]

15.

It is not important to assess a patient’s preferences in terms of healthcare services if I am knowledgeable about their culture. [R]

16.

People from the same culture have the same religion.

17.

Western biomedicine is always attentive to diverse cultural meanings.

18.

Cultural norms that people adhere to are largely fixed and unvarying. [R]

19.

It is easy to anticipate behaviors and practices of people if I know their culture. [R]

20.

I use some of my patients’ languages during my care if I know a little.

21.

I use culturally congruent body language when interacting with people from other cultures.

22.

I am able to change healthcare practices to meet my patients’ cultural and religious needs and expectations.

23.

I discuss the different cultural meanings in terms of health and illness with my patients from other cultures in order to provide them with optimal care.

24.

I use simple language when I speak with people from other cultures and I consider their potential language limitations.

25.

I discuss ethically sensitive issues with my patients/families.

26.

It is not important to assess a patient’s preferences in terms of healthcare services if I am knowledgeable about their culture.

27.

I feel disrespected because of my culture. [R]

28.

I face biased remarks and racism. [R]

29.

I feel alienated in my workplace because of my cultural background. [R]

30.

I am treated differently to my counterparts by management because of my cultural background. [R]

31.

I feel disrespected because of my gender.

32.

In this organization, people are treated differently according to their country of origin. [R]

33.

I have an equal opportunity in terms of professional development compared to colleagues in my organization.

34.

My colleagues from other cultures look down on me. [R]

35.

I feel that my colleagues from other cultures are more powerful. [R]

36.

I feel that my skin colour determines how people relate to me in this context. [R]

37.

I have an equal opportunity in terms of promotion compared to colleagues in my organization.

38.

I worry about losing my job if I speak out about my concerns of discrimination. [R]

39.

I feel reluctant to speak out about my conditions of work. [R]

40.

CCC46: My nursing competence is frequently challenged by my colleagues compared to that of my counterparts. [R]

41.

I feel safe in expressing my concerns to management.

42.

My nursing competence is frequently challenged by my patients compared to that of my counterparts. [R]

43.

Social norms limit my ability to advocate for my patients. [R]