Table 2 Characteristics of after-hours clinical support team interventions
From: A clinical pathway for the management of difficult venous access
Males (n = 165) | Females (n = 214) | Combined (n = 379) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Indication for PIVCa, n (%) | ||||
Medications/Fluids | 118 (72) | 166 (78) | 284 (75) | 0.240 |
CTb contrast | 8 (5) | 12 (6) | 20 (5) | |
Medical Emergency | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 4 (1) | |
Blood transfusion | 7 (4) | 2 (1) | 9 (2) | |
Other | 30 (18) | 32 (15) | 62 (16) | |
Insertion site, n (%) | 0.560 | |||
Basilic | 109 (66) | 153 (71) | 262 (69) | |
Cephalic | 16 (10) | 18 (8) | 34 (9) | |
Medial cubital | 22 (13) | 22 (10) | 44 (12) | |
Antecubital | 14 (8) | 16 (7) | 30 (8) | |
Device gage, n (%) | 0.400 | |||
20 g PIVC | 92 (56) | 127 (59) | 219 (58) | |
20 g midline | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
18 g PIVC | 56 (34) | 66 (31) | 122 (32) | |
18 g midline | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | |
22 g PIVC | 11 (7) | 8 (4) | 19 (5) | |
24 g PIVC | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | |
Other | 5 (3) | 7 (3) | 12 (4) | |
First attempts success (%) | 153 (95) | 195 (92) | 348 (93) | 0.240 |
No. of attempts, median (IQR)c [Range, min – max]d | 1 (1,1) | 1 (1,1) | 1 (1,1) | 0.100 |
Pain score, median (IQR)c [Range, min - max] | 2 (1, 3) | 1 (1,3) [0–8] | 2 (1,3) [0–8] | 0.600 |
Procedural time in minutes, mean (SD)e | 13.6 (5.3) | 13.7 (6.4) | 13.6 (6.0) | 0.850 |