Table 2 Description of EIDM competence attributes measures across setting, population (35 measures)
Name of measure (n = # of studies) [related citations] | Purpose of measure and description | Setting | Population | EIDM Competence Attributes | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary care | Acute care | Public health | Home health | Long-term | Other | Not reported | RNs | APNs | RPNs/LPNs | Does not specify | Knowledge | Skills | Attitudes/Belief | Behaviours | ||
FOUR EIDM COMPETENCE ATTRIBUTES MEASURED (n = 3) | ||||||||||||||||
Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) (n = 36 studies) [30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66] | A 24-item self-report measure that assesses knowledge, practice, and attitudes toward evidence-based practice (EBP). Knowledge/skills (14 items) are assessed collectively using a 7-point scale (1 = poor to 7 = best). Practice is assessed with six items with a scale to determine the frequency with which that item has been completed over the past year on a 7-point scale ranging from never to frequently. Attitudes are assessed using four items also on a 7-point scale with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes towards EBP. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||
School Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (SN-EBP) (n = 1 study) [67] | A measure with the most applicable categories: EBP (21 items rated from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree); Computer use (7 items rated from 1 = avoid all together to 4 = skillfull); Information sources (10 items rated from 1 = never to 4 = all the time) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||
Self-developed measure by Chiu et al. (2010) (n = 1 study) [68] | A self-report measure to assess EBP beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, skills, behaviours and barriers. Respondents rate agreement on a 5-point Likert scale (from strongly agree to strongly disagree). EBP behaviours is defined by identifying the frequency of access to online databases. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||
THREE EIDM COMPETENCE ATTRIBUTES MEASURED (n = 7) | ||||||||||||||||
Johns Hopkins Nursing EBP Assessment Survey (n = 1 study) [69] | An online self-report survey in which respondents were asked to rate their confidence in ability to achieve specific EBP competencies on a 6-point scale ranging from 1 = completed disagree to 6 = completely agree (I feel confident I can…). | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||
Persian translated EBP measure (n = 1 study) [70] | A four-part self-report measure combining items from various existing measures to assess EBP knowledge, attitudes, and practice. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||
Self-developed measure by Yip et al. (n = 1 study) [71] | Measure consisting of three sections with most applicable: beliefs and attitudes (5 items) rated on a Likert scale with highest score of 5 = strongly agree and knowledge and skills (9 items) rated on Likert scale with highest score of 5 = excellent. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||
Self-developed measure by Chew et al. (n = 1 study) [72] | Self-report measure that assesses EBP attitude and knowledge (5 items) and resource utilization when searching for EBP (3 items). | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||
Self-developed EBP measure by Melnyk et al. (2004) (n = 1 study) [73] | Self-report measure with the most applicable domains: Seven items measuring knowledge, beliefs, extent of EBP on a scale from 0 (nothing, not at all) to 100 (expert, all); Nine dichotomous items about EBP implementation (e.g. Do you currently use Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||
Modified Evidence-Based Nursing Education Questionnaire (EBEQ) (n = 1 study) [74] | A 45-item self-report measure focused on assessing beliefs, knowledge, and self-perceived ability in EBP implementation divided into five domains: 1) knowledge 2) finding and reviewing evidence, 3) clinical practices, 4) change in clinical strategies/practices, and 5) finding and judging evidence. Response scale is a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Higher scores are associated with positive beliefs, greater knowledge and self-perceived ability for EBP implementation. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||
Quick EBP VIK (Values, Implementation, Knowledge) Survey (n = 2 studies) | A 25-item self-report survey that assesses values, implementation and knowledge of EBP. Values (8 items) are assessed using a 5-point scale from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. Implementation (8 items) is assessed by indicating the frequency with which an EBP activity has been performed on a 5-point scale in the last 12 months (1 = none; 2 = 1 or 2 times; 3 = 3–5 times; 4 = 6–10 times; 5 = more than 10 times). Knowledge (9 items) is assessed on a 5-point scale for each item ranging from 1 = not at all knowledgeable; 2 = minimally knowledgeable; 3 = knowledgeable; 4 = very knowledgeable; 5 = extremely knowledgeable/expert. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||
TWO EIDM COMPETENCE ATTRIBUTES MEASURED (n = 6) | ||||||||||||||||
Self-developed measure by Barako et al. (n = 1 study) [77] | Self-report measure that assesses numerous domains but most applicable are attitudes toward EBP (7 items) and EBP application (1 item) with a dichotomous response of either ‘fully practice’ or ‘don’t fully practice’. | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||
EBP measure developed by Majid et al. [78] (n = 2 studies) | A self-report measure that assesses attitude towards EBP, skills in performing EBP activities, training needs, and supporting factors and barriers in EBP implementation. Most applicable is attitudes (5-items) measured on a 5-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. EBP skills are assessed (9 items) using a 5-point scale ranging from 1 = poor to 5 = excellent. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||
Modified Stevens EBP Readiness Inventory (ERI) (Finnish ERI) (n = 1 study) [80] | A 25-item measure divided into two sections: 1) Consists of 20 EBP competencies which respondents rate their confidence in their ability to perform the competency (scored on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = very little confidence to 6 = a great deal of confidence in employing EBP); and 2) 15 multiple choice item to assess knowledge about major concepts in EBP. These are scored based on number of correct questions ranging from 0 to 15. | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||
Self-developed measure by Gerrish et al. (n = 1 study) [81] | A self-report measure. Many areas covered but most applicable: understanding of EBP (respondents provide open-text description of EBP understanding), 11-items for self-assessment of EBP knowledge and skills (rated on a 5-point ordinal scale (complete beginner to expert). | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||
Knowledge and Skills in Evidence-Based Nursing (KS-EBN) (n = 1 study) [82] | A 10-item short answer, multiple choice, and ranking measure to assess EBP nursing knowledge and skills. Each question is awarded a specific point score. Range of scores are from 0 to 12. | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||
Adapted Fresno Test (n = 1 study) [83] | A measure used to assess EBP knowledge and skills using three different pediatric nursing case scenarios. The questions relate to the case scenario and consist of both open-ended and close-ended questions. Questions are scored on a scale from 0 to 212 with higher scores indicating greater EBP knowledge and skill. | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||
ONE EIDM COMPETENCE ATTRIBUTE MEASURED (n = 19) | ||||||||||||||||
Evidence-based Practice Implementation Scale (n = 35 studies) [50, 59, 63, 84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119] | An 18-item self-report measure that assesses the extent of EBP implementation. Response scale is on a 5-point frequency scale. Respondents identify the frequency (in past 8 weeks) with which they have performed that item. Scale ranges from 0 = 0 times to 4 = more than 8 times. Total score ranges from 0 to 72. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
Self-developed measure by Bostrom et al. (n = 1 study) [120] | Six item measure that assesses the extent to which nurses practice EBP. Nurses respond to each item by answering the question: “To what extent do you perform the following tasks in your work as a nurse?” Each item is rated on a 4-point scale (1 = to a very low extent, 2 = to a low extent, 3 = to a high extent, 4 = to a very high extent). | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||
Self-developed measure by Kim et al. (1 study) [48] | Self-report 7-item measure that assesses perceived ability to follow EBP steps. Responses are rated on a 5-point Likert scale based on Benner’s model (1 = novice, 2 = advanced beginner, 3 = competent, 4 = proficient, 5 = expert). | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Evidence-Based Practice Confidence Scale (EPIC) (n = 1 study) | An 11-item self-report measure in which respondents rate the confidence in their ability to perform specific EBP activities/steps using an 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 100. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
EBP Competency Tool *identified from content expert (n = 1 study) [10] | A self-report measure of 24 EBP competencies (items). Response scale consists of participants rating competency level on a 4-point Likert scale: 1 (not at all competent), 2 (need improvement), 3 (competent), and 4 (highly competent). Possible scores range from 0 to 96. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||
Self-developed measure by Gerrish et al. (n = 1 study) [121] | A self-report measure with four sections. The most applicable section is the self-assessment of nurses’ skills related to finding, reviewing, and using different evidence sources (6 items). These are ranked on a 5-point scale from 1 = complete beginner to 5 = expert. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Developing Evidence-based practice questionnaire (n = 6 studies) | A self-report measure aimed to identify factors that influence the development of EBP. Forty-nine items are divided into five sections. Most applicable section is: self-assessment of skills in finding and reviewing evidence (eight items) which are scored on a 5-point scale from 1 = complete beginner to 5 = expert. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
Information literacy tool (n = 1 study) [59] | Nine questions to assess information searching ability. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Evidence-based Practice Beliefs Scale (n = 42 studies) [50, 59, 63, 83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119, 127,128,129,130,131,132,133] | A 16-item self-report measure that assesses beliefs about the value of EBP and ability in implementing it. Response scale is a 5-point Likert scale to rate agreement level (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Total scores can range between 16 and 80. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
Modified Korean Evidence-Based Medicine questionnaire (n = 1 study) [134] | A 23 item self-report measure that assesses participants’ perceptions (13 items), attitudes (9 items) and utilization intention (1 item) of evidence-based nursing (EBN). Participants respond on a 4-point Likert scale for perceptions and attitudes and a 3-point Likert scale for intention to use EBN to indicate their agreement with the statement (‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’). | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Evidence-Based Practice Attitudes Scale (EBPAS) (n = 1 study) | An 18-item self-report scale to determine attitudes toward adopting EBP. Response for each item indicate agreement level and include: 0 = not at all; 1 = to a slight extent; 2 = to a moderate extent; 3 = to a great extent; 4 = to a very great extent. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Attitudes to Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (n = 1 study) [33] | A self-report survey (originally 26-items), with 17 items used to assess attitudes/barriers toward EBP rated on a 5-point Likert scale. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Evidence-Based Nursing Attitude Questionnaire (EBNAQ) (n = 2 studies) | A 15-item self-report measure that assesses attitudes towards evidence-based nursing (EBN) as it relates to the benefits of EBN, behaviours/intentions in participating in EBN, and importance level ascribed to EBN. Response scale rates the level of agreement with each item on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||
Nurses’ Attitudes Toward EBP Scale (NATES) (n = 1 study) [137] | An 11-item self-report measure used to assess EBP attitudes and beliefs. Response scale is a 5-point Likert scale to assess agreement (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Score ranges from 5 to 55 with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes related to EBP. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Single item measure for EBP knowledge by Skela-Savic et al. (n = 1 study) [109] | One self-report item in which respondents are asked to rate their EBP knowledge on a 5-point scale from 1 = insufficient to 5 = excellent. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Perceived EBP Knowledge Measure (1 study) [137] | A 3-item measure that assesses a nurse’s perception of having enough knowledge, skills, and access to resources to engage in EBP. Each item is scored on an agreement scale (strongly disagree = 1 to strongly agree = 5). Total scores range from 3 to 15 with higher scores denoting increased perception of EBP knowledge. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge Assessment in Nursing (EKAN) (n = 1 study) [45] | A 20-item multiple choice measure that assesses EBP knowledge. Total number correct is scored out of 20. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Knowledge Assessment Test (KAT) (1 study) [66] | Objective measure assessing EBP knowledge. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Core Knowledge Questionnaire (1 study) [62] | A 12-item multiple choice question test to measure EBP knowledge. | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
Total # of Measures | 9 | 31 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 26 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 19 | 15 | 17 | 13 | |