Table 6 Accuracy rates for knowledge questions according to profession

Nail 1

Cutting a toenail shorter than the tip of the toe may cause a curly nail, and/or an ingrown nail.

Nail 2

A toenail can be cut easier after soaking nails in warm water for 5–10 min.

Nail 3

Toenails protect the end of the foot and support body weight when walking.

Nail 4

When a nail is yellowed and rough, a fungal infection is the suspected cause.

Nail 5

The color of the nail can be used as barometer of general health.

Skin 1

Moisturizer should be applied immediately after taking a bath.

Skin 2

Corns and calluses have the same meaning.

Skin 3

Repeated friction and stimulation cause the keratin in the sole of the foot to become thicker.

Skin 4

Skin tear on an older person’s upper arms or elbow joints are often produced when a caregiver adds extra pressure when assisting movement.

Skin 5

Skin tear on lower limbs often occurs by coming into contact with appliances such as footrests.

Skin 6

Because there are no sebaceous glands on the soles, oil is unavailable, and the sole becomes dry easily.

Vascular and Neurologic 1

If the client suffers from severe diabetes, foot sensitivity is reduced and pain may not be noticed even though he/she was injured.

Vascular and Neurologic 2

When only one foot only suddenly becomes cold, blood vessels may be blocked by blood clots.

Vascular and Neurologic 3

Small wounds on an older person may develop into an ulcer if left without treatment.

Vascular and Neurologic 4

Signs of infection are flares (reddish tinge), swelling, pain and a feeling of heat.

Vascular and Neurologic5

Even though pain is felt on one foot after a period of walking, it will go away after rest. Consequently, there is no need to worry.

Toe and Arch 1

There is no relationship between foot or toenail deformation, and pain in the waist or neck.

Toe and Arch 2

When one of the three arches on the foot collapses, various problems occur.

Toe and Arch 3

A stiff ankle is more likely to make a person stumble or fall.

Toe and Arch 4

Toe deformity influences the muscular strength of lower limbs.

Toe and Arch 5

Toe flexor exercise increases the calf muscle pump function of lower limbs.

Infection 1

Fungal bacteria can be removed from the nail clippers using alcohol.

Infection 2

When medical appliances are shared among clients without sufficient sterilization, infection spreads.

Infection 3

The bucket used for foot baths is cleaned only by rinsing with hot water.

Shoes and Socks 1

The client’s shoes have approximately 1–1.5cms space, measured from the longest toe, and allow the toes to move freely.

Shoes and Socks 2

Corns and calluses are not influenced by the type of socks worn.

Shoes and Socks 3

Shoe sizes are not absolute and vary by a maker.

Shoes and Socks 4

Shoes with a well-fixed heel prevent foot slippage.

Sedentary Behavior 1

Walking for 1 h a day is enough to compensate for long sedentary periods.

Sedentary Behavior 2

Falls that happen when an older person moves from sitting to standing can be prevented by planning from the care worker.