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Table 8 Observed ceiling effects on mean scores for questions regarding practices (nurses and care workers)

From: Foot care knowledge and practices among Japanese nurses and care workers in home care and adult service center: a cross- sectional study

Items

Mean

SD

M – SD

M + SD

Ceiling effect

Skin Assessment 1

2.8

1.1

1.8

3.9

0

Skin Assessment 2

2.7

1.1

1.6

3.8

0

Skin Assessment 3

2.0

0.9

1.1

2.9

0

Nail 1

3.3

1.3

2.1

4.6

0

Nail 2

2.6

1.6

1.0

4.1

0

Nail 3

2.1

1.4

0.7

3.4

1a

Nail 4

2.5

1.5

1.0

4.0

0

Nail 5

3.0

1.5

1.5

4.5

0

Skin 1

3.2

1.4

1.9

4.6

0

Skin 2

3.5

1.2

2.2

4.7

0

Skin 3

4.0

1.1

2.9

5.2

1a

Skin 4

2.6

1.4

1.2

4.1

0

Hygiene 1

3.7

1.2

2.5

4.9

0

Hygiene 2

4.0

1.1

2.8

5.1

1a

Hygiene 3

3.0

1.1

1.9

4.1

0

Movement and Toe Exercise 1

3.4

1.1

2.4

4.5

0

Movement and Toe Exercise 2

3.4

1.3

2.1

4.7

0

Movement and Toe Exercise 3

3.0

1.2

1.8

4.2

0

Consultation 1

2.4

1.2

1.2

3.6

0

Consultation 2

2.6

1.3

1.3

3.9

0

  1. aceiling effect