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Table 6 Perceived barriers for the utilization on non-pharmacological methods (N = 154)

From: Utilization of non-pharmacological methods and the perceived barriers for adult postoperative pain management by the nurses at selected National Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea

Barriers

Agree n

(%)

Neutral n(%)

Disagree n(%)

Healthcare System-Related Barriers

 Heavy work load

135 (87.7)

6 (3.9)

13 (8.4)

 Lack of time

130 (84.4)

5 (3.2)

19 (12.3)

 Lack of administrative support

118 (76.6)

3 (1.9)

33 (21.4)

 Lack of resources (e.g. equipment’s, materials)

127 (82.5)

5 (3.2)

22 (14.3)

 Lack of pain management policy

119 (77.3)

1 (0.6)

34 (22.1)

Nurses-Related Barriers

 Personal interest

26 (16.9)

8 (5.2)

119 (77.3)

 Lack of knowledge regarding non-pharmacological pain relief methods

77 (50)

4 (2.6)

73 (47.4)

 Lack of experience in using non-pharmacological methods

62 (40.3)

5 (3.2)

87 (56.5)

 Personal, traditional and cultural values on pain and pain relief methods

45 (29.4)

9 (5.9)

99 (64.7)

 Belief that other health team members should take main role

20 (13)

7 (4.5)

127 (82.5)

 Belief nurses primary task is to administer pain medication for pain relief

43 (27.9)

3 (1.9)

108 (70.1)

 Belief inefficacy of non-pharmacological methods in pain relief

49 (31.8)

11 (7.1)

94 (61.0)

Patient-Related Barriers

 Patients inability to cooperate

88 (57.1)

20 (13)

46 (29.9)

 Language difference

100 (64.9)

18 (11.7)

36 (23.4)