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Table 3 Comparison of efficacy (difference in percent change) in indicators between the groups

From: Evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of nurse-led distant and face-to-face interviews programs for promoting behavioral change and disease management in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a triangulation approach

Variable

Intervention group (n = 17)

Control group (n = 15)

Adjusted mean difference between the groups (95% CI)b

n

Baseline

6 months

Mean percent change (%)a

n

Baseline

6 months

Mean percent change (%)a

Self-management behaviors

 Dietary stage

17

2.7

±

0.6

3.9

±

1.0

54.9

±

52.6

15

2.4

±

0.8

3.9

±

0.5

90.0

±

99.2

−15.78

(−56.16 to 24.60)

 Exercise stage

17

2.9

±

0.7

3.8

±

1.0

29.9

±

31.3

14

2.7

±

1.1

3.6

±

0.9

48.9

±

54.4

With interaction

 Self-monitoring stage

17

2.4

±

0.6

4.1

±

0.7

81.4

±

51.7

15

2.0

±

1.3

3.9

±

0.8

166.1

±

138.6

−50.29

(−93.97 to − 6.61)

 medication/injection stage

17

4.4

±

0.6

4.9

±

0.3

13.0

±

19.9

14

4.9

±

0.3

5.0

±

0.0

1.8

±

6.7

−3.50

(−8.92 to 1.92)

Clinical indicators

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

12

50.3

±

12.1

53.2

±

13.4

5.9

±

8.7

8

61.2

±

20.2

62.4

±

23.3

1.1

±

14.5

5.51

(−6.05 to 17.06)

 HbA1c (%)

16

7.7

±

1.6

7.3

±

1.4

−4.2

±

6.5

12

7.8

±

1.1

7.2

±

1.0

−7.2

±

8.9

2.75

(−2.95 to 8.45)

 Systolic BP (mmHg)

17

138.2

±

14.0

133.8

±

10.9

−2.7

±

7.6

15

147.7

±

17.2

127.3

±

11.9

−13.0

±

10.7

6.44

(1.30 to 11.58)

 Diastolic BP (mmHg)

17

84.5

±

10.0

80.1

±

7.6

−4.5

±

10.8

15

87.8

±

9.5

79.3

±

6.3

−8.6

±

13.3

1.04

(−4.88 to 6.96)

 BMI (kg/m2)

17

29.7

±

4.4

29.1

±

4.5

−2.2

±

2.3

15

26.0

±

4.3

25.6

±

4.0

−1.5

±

3.2

−0.21

(−2.40 to 1.98)

Psychological indicators

 Self-efficacy scorec

11

70.4

±

11.0

74.4

±

9.8

6.5

±

9.1

13

75.0

±

9.9

78.5

±

9.1

5.3

±

10.3

−1.38

(−8.52 to 5.76)

 QOL scored

11

2.78

±

0.56

4.27

±

0.56

58.5

±

32.7

13

2.35

±

0.90

3.81

±

0.72

82.4

±

63.8

0.84

(−23.86 to 25.5)

  1. There were no significant differences in the baseline of self-management indicators between the two groups
  2. Definition of abbreviations: eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, BP blood pressure, BMI body mass index, QOL quality of life
  3. aMean percent change (%) = (6 months - Baseline) /(Baseline * 100)
  4. bAnalysis of covariance adjusted for baseline data
  5. cSelf-efficacy score: 24–96 points, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy
  6. dQOL score: 1–5 points, with a higher score indicating better QOL