Variable | Intervention group (n = 17) | Control group (n = 15) | Adjusted mean difference between the groups (95% CI)b | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Baseline | 6 months | Mean percent change (%)a | n | Baseline | 6 months | Mean percent change (%)a | |||||||||||||||
Self-management behaviors | ||||||||||||||||||||||
 Dietary stage | 17 | 2.7 | ± | 0.6 | 3.9 | ± | 1.0 | 54.9 | ± | 52.6 | 15 | 2.4 | ± | 0.8 | 3.9 | ± | 0.5 | 90.0 | ± | 99.2 | −15.78 | (−56.16 to 24.60) |
 Exercise stage | 17 | 2.9 | ± | 0.7 | 3.8 | ± | 1.0 | 29.9 | ± | 31.3 | 14 | 2.7 | ± | 1.1 | 3.6 | ± | 0.9 | 48.9 | ± | 54.4 | With interaction | |
 Self-monitoring stage | 17 | 2.4 | ± | 0.6 | 4.1 | ± | 0.7 | 81.4 | ± | 51.7 | 15 | 2.0 | ± | 1.3 | 3.9 | ± | 0.8 | 166.1 | ± | 138.6 | −50.29 | (−93.97 to − 6.61) |
 medication/injection stage | 17 | 4.4 | ± | 0.6 | 4.9 | ± | 0.3 | 13.0 | ± | 19.9 | 14 | 4.9 | ± | 0.3 | 5.0 | ± | 0.0 | 1.8 | ± | 6.7 | −3.50 | (−8.92 to 1.92) |
Clinical indicators | ||||||||||||||||||||||
 eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 12 | 50.3 | ± | 12.1 | 53.2 | ± | 13.4 | 5.9 | ± | 8.7 | 8 | 61.2 | ± | 20.2 | 62.4 | ± | 23.3 | 1.1 | ± | 14.5 | 5.51 | (−6.05 to 17.06) |
 HbA1c (%) | 16 | 7.7 | ± | 1.6 | 7.3 | ± | 1.4 | −4.2 | ± | 6.5 | 12 | 7.8 | ± | 1.1 | 7.2 | ± | 1.0 | −7.2 | ± | 8.9 | 2.75 | (−2.95 to 8.45) |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 17 | 138.2 | ± | 14.0 | 133.8 | ± | 10.9 | −2.7 | ± | 7.6 | 15 | 147.7 | ± | 17.2 | 127.3 | ± | 11.9 | −13.0 | ± | 10.7 | 6.44 | (1.30 to 11.58) |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 17 | 84.5 | ± | 10.0 | 80.1 | ± | 7.6 | −4.5 | ± | 10.8 | 15 | 87.8 | ± | 9.5 | 79.3 | ± | 6.3 | −8.6 | ± | 13.3 | 1.04 | (−4.88 to 6.96) |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 17 | 29.7 | ± | 4.4 | 29.1 | ± | 4.5 | −2.2 | ± | 2.3 | 15 | 26.0 | ± | 4.3 | 25.6 | ± | 4.0 | −1.5 | ± | 3.2 | −0.21 | (−2.40 to 1.98) |
Psychological indicators | ||||||||||||||||||||||
 Self-efficacy scorec | 11 | 70.4 | ± | 11.0 | 74.4 | ± | 9.8 | 6.5 | ± | 9.1 | 13 | 75.0 | ± | 9.9 | 78.5 | ± | 9.1 | 5.3 | ± | 10.3 | −1.38 | (−8.52 to 5.76) |
 QOL scored | 11 | 2.78 | ± | 0.56 | 4.27 | ± | 0.56 | 58.5 | ± | 32.7 | 13 | 2.35 | ± | 0.90 | 3.81 | ± | 0.72 | 82.4 | ± | 63.8 | 0.84 | (−23.86 to 25.5) |