Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for selecting articles

•Description of the Flipped classroom (pedagogy/learning/teaching) in nursing education.

•Study using any form of pedagogical model/framework.

•Study focusing on measuring the effectiveness of flipped classroom pedagogy.

•Study conducted in undergraduate education.

•The publication period from 2012 to 2019 (The flipped classroom was introduced into Health Profession Education in 2012 [6]).

•Type of publication: Original research, systematic review, or meta-analysis.

•Full text of the article is not published in English.

•Study conducted in the context of post-graduate and vocational training.

•Study results duplicated in a separate earlier publication.

•Type of publication: book, chapters, thesis, commentaries, conference abstracts, protocols, study outlines and government publication.