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Table 2 Example of the analysis process

From: End-of-life care for people with advanced dementia and pain: a qualitative study in Swedish nursing homes

Meaning units

Codes

Category

Theme

When they cannot express if they are in pain nor grade their pain, then it is about me and my ability to assess their expressions, to look at face expressions and body language, movements, pallor or cold sweat and physical signs...you need to understand if it is about pain or if it is about anxiety or if it is a combination.

Interpretation of pain

Uncertainties when assessing pain

Communication challenges: assessing and relieving pain

Signs of pain

Lack of verbal communication

To distinguish pain from anxiety