Does problem-based learning education improve knowledge, attitude, and perception toward patient safety among nursing students? A randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Comparison of the mean scores of patient safety knowledge, Patient safety attitude, and the perception of Patient safety between and within the intervention and the control group before and after the intervention

Variables		Control group	Intervention group	Independent t-test
Variables		SD ± Mean	SD ± Mean	Independent t-test
Patient safety knowledge	Before the intervention	10.28 ± 3.18	14.97 ± 3.70	t = 0.591 p = 0.001
Patient safety knowledge	After the intervention	11.05 ± 4.24	19.37 ± 3.31	t = 9.71 p = 0.001
Paired t-test		t = −1.09 p = 0.279	t = −9.52 p = 0.001
attitude toward Patient safety	Before the intervention	30.11 ± 4.36	31.74 ± 5.38	t = 1.44 p = 0.152
attitude toward Patient safety	After the intervention	29.77 ± 3.99	34.62 ± 9.59	t = 2.80 p = 0.006
Paired t-test		t = 0.636 p = 0.529	t = −2.50 p = 0.016
The perception of Patient safety	Before the intervention	33.88 ± 5.56	35.60 ± 7.51	t = 1.12 p = 0.264
The perception of Patient safety	After the intervention	32.88 ± 5.09	38.95 ± 8.21	t = 3.81 p = 0.0001
Paired t-test		t = 1.58 p = 0.122	t = −2.15 p = 0.037

ISSN: 1472-6955