Mild (Scores 0–29, n = 193) | Moderate (Scores 30–43, n = 467) | Moderate to Severe (Scores ≧ 44, n = 64) | Overall (n = 724) | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | Range | M ± SD | Range | M ± SD | Range | M ± SD | Range | ||
Taking care of patients | 7.513 ± 3.823 | 0–17 | 14.015 ± 3.504 | 5–23 | 20.828 ± 4.907 | 13–48 | 12.834 ± 5.144 | 0–29 | < .001 |
Teachers and nursing personnel | 2.383 ± 1.837 | 0–8 | 6.539 ± 2.346 | 0–17 | 11.891 ± 3.030 | 5–19 | 5.900 ± 3.468 | 0–19 | < .001 |
Assignments and workload | 3.469 ± 2.367 | 0–11 | 8.441 ± 2.635 | 3–19 | 14.109 ± 2.437 | 9–20 | 7.618 ± 3.908 | 0–20 | < .001 |
Peers and daily life | 1.166 ± 1.292 | 0–6 | 3.507 ± 1.839 | 0–9 | 6.719 ± 2.746 | 0–14 | 3.165 ± 2.356 | 0–14 | < .001 |
Lack of professional knowledge and skills | 2.187 ± 1.523 | 0–6 | 4.703 ± 1.560 | 0–15 | 7.000 ± 1.380 | 3–10 | 4.220 ± 2.033 | 0–10 | < .001 |
The clinical environment | .876 ± 1.139 | 0–4 | 3.244 ± 1.453 | 0–8 | 6.234 ± 1.892 | 2–10 | 2.877 ± 2.042 | 0–10 | < .001 |