Table 5 Descriptive data, t-test and effect sizes (d) of differences between two evaluation strategies for each item of clinical simulation satisfaction questionnaire (n = 218)

1. Facilities and equipment were real

4.41 (0.598)

4.03 (0.963)

4.593

.001

.379

2. Objectives were clear cases

4.47 (0.665)

3.85 (1.125)

14.602

<.001

.623

3. Cases recreated real situations

4.83 (0.425)

4.36 (0.919)

59.431

<.001

.473

4. Timing for each simulation case has been adequate

4.16 (1.025)

3.05 (1.387)

12.403

<.001

1.107

5. The degree of cases difficulty was appropriate to my knowledge.

4.46 (0.650)

4.21 (0.650)

5.138

.013

.257

6. I felt comfortable and respected during the sessions

4.80 (0.486)

4.30 (0.966)

55.071

<.001

.498

7. Clinical simulation is useful to assess a patient’s clinical simulation

4.80 (0.446)

4.18 (0.922)

39.435

<.001

.623

8. Simulation practices help you learn to avoid mistakes

4.83 (0.402)

4.38 (0.903)

77.077

<.001

.446

9. Simulation has helped me to set priorities for action

4.72 (0.530)

4.19 (0.925)

19.479

<.001

.529

10. Simulation has improved my ability to provide care to my patients

4.58 (0.647)

3.87 (1.061)

14.514

<.001

.709

11. Simulation has made me think about my next clinical practice

4.78 (0.478)

4.39 (0.820)

38.654

<.001

.390

12. Simulation improves communication and teamwork

4.69 (0.541)

4.35 (0.946)

27.701

.001

.340

13. Simulation has made me more aware/worried about clinical practice

3.73 (1.231)

4.77 (.849)

12.09

<.001

-.947

14. Simulation is beneficial to relate theory to practice

4.79 (0.407)

4.30 (0.837)

54.177

<.001

.489

15. Simulation allows us to plan the patient care effectively

4.44 (0.677)

4.21 (0.840)

1.055

.022

.238

16. I have improved my technical skills

4.16 (0.758)

3.76 (1.109)

15.460

.002

.401

17. I have reinforced my critical thinking and decision-making

4.41 (0.644)

4.00 (1.048)

7.997

.001

.406

18. Simulation helped me assess patient’s condition

4.48 (0.651)

4.17 (0.994)

6.253

.007

.311

19. This experience has helped me prioritise care

4.63 (0.574)

4.03 (1.035)

19.021

<.001

.605

20. Simulation promotes self-confidence

4.41 (0.714)

3.90 (1.178)

12.818

<.001

.504

21. I have improved communication with the team

4.56 (0.663)

4.29 (0.946)

7.803

.018

.262

22. I have improved communication with the family

2.65 (1.487)

2.77 (1.381)

5.693

.543

-.115

23. I have improved communication with the patient

4.05 (0.970)

3.93 (1.191)

2.187

.420

.119

24. This type of practice has increased my assertiveness

4.40 (0.699)

3.75 (1.234)

25.553

<.001

.649

25. I lost calm during any of the cases

3.09 (1.559)

3.22 (1.559)

.032

.539

-.129

26. Interaction with simulation has improved my clinical competence

4.36 (0.679)

3.81 (1.070)

12.397

<.001

.546

27. The teacher gave constructive feedback after each session

4.79 (0.430)

4.47 (0.880)

43.147

.001

.319

28. Debriefing has helped me reflect on the cases

4.79 (0.492)

4.30 (0.858)

40.809

<.001

.489

29. Debriefing at the end of the session has helped me correct mistakes

4.77 (0.522)

4.21 (0.988)

51.719

<.001

.568

30. I knew the cases theoretical side

4.70 (0.501)

4.33 (0.884)

26.761

<.001

.368

31. I have learned from the mistakes I made during the simulation

4.79 (0.407)

4.39 (0.914)

46.949

<.001

.400

32. Practical utility

4.78 (0.414)

4.15 (1.076)

45.375

<.001

.631

33. Overall satisfaction of sessions

4.92 (0.312)

4.06 (1.016)

79.288

<.001

.953