Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the sample (N = 559) and comparisons of service behavior
Demographics | n | % | In-role service behaviors | Extra-role service behaviors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | F/t | p | M ± SD | F/t | p | |||
Gender | Â | Â | Â | 0.410 | 0.522 | Â | 0.578 | 0.447 |
Female | 523 | 94.7 | 4.16 ± 0.93 |  |  | 3.64 ± 1.03 |  |  |
Male | 36 | 5.3 | 4.06 ± 0.89 |  |  | 3.50 ± 1.16 |  |  |
Clinical tenure (years) | Â | Â | Â | 21.828 | 0.000 | Â | 7.150 | 0.000 |
≤ 5 | 290 | 51.9 | 3.83 ± 1.11 |  |  | 3.43 ± 1.12 |  |  |
6–10 | 148 | 26.5 | 4.51 ± 0.53 |  |  | 3.72 ± 0.95 |  |  |
11–15 | 46 | 8.2 | 4.54 ± 0.45 |  |  | 4.00 ± 0.68 |  |  |
16–20 | 19 | 3.4 | 4.43 ± 0.31 |  |  | 4.16 ± 0.64 |  |  |
> 20 | 56 | 10.0 | 4.53 ± 0.37 |  |  | 3.92 ± 0.92 |  |  |
Age | Â | Â | Â | 478.859 | 0.000 | Â | 91.140 | 0.000 |
≤ 20 | 58 | 7.1 | 1.84 ± 0.48 |  |  | 1.90 ± 0.45 |  |  |
21–30 | 309 | 57.4 | 4.40 ± 0.50 |  |  | 3.79 ± 0.90 |  |  |
31–40 | 129 | 25.4 | 4.46 ± 0.52 |  |  | 3.78 ± 0.93 |  |  |
> 40 | 63 | 10.1 | 4.48 ± 0.41 |  |  | 4.08 ± 0.74 |  |  |
Education level | Â | Â | Â | 65.968 | 0.000 | Â | 15.140 | 0.000 |
Certificate (technical school) | 102 | 18.2 | 3.17 ± 1.27 |  |  | 3.10 ± 1.22 |  |  |
Junior college | 171 | 30.6 | 4.26 ± 0.92 |  |  | 3.56 ± 1.06 |  |  |
Bachelor’s degree | 274 | 49.0 | 4.46 ± 0.42 |  |  | 3.84 ± 0.88 |  |  |
Master’s degree or above | 12 | 2.1 | 4.22 ± 0.39 |  |  | 4.19 ± 0.58 |  |  |
Professional title | Â | Â | Â | 43.352 | 0.000 | Â | 7.610 | 0.001 |
Primary nurse | 289 | 51.7 | 3.83 ± 1.12 |  |  | 3.46 ± 1.12 |  |  |
Junior nurse | 178 | 31.8 | 4.50 ± 0.49 |  |  | 3.81 ± 0.96 |  |  |
Senior nurse | 92 | 16.5 | 4.54 ± 0.42 |  |  | 3.79 ± 0.82 |  |  |
Position | Â | Â | Â | 1.671 | 0.189 | Â | 0.122 | 0.885 |
General nurse | 180 | 32.2 | 4.09 ± 1.04 |  |  | 3.63 ± 1.02 |  |  |
Unit manager | 296 | 53.0 | 4.22 ± 0.84 |  |  | 3.61 ± 1.02 |  |  |
Supervisor or director | 83 | 14.8 | 4.07 ± 1.04 |  |  | 3.67 ± 1.14 |  |  |
Employment type | Â | Â | Â | 7.313 | 0.001 | Â | 67.203 | 0.000 |
Formal | 384 | 68.7 | 4.06 ± 1.09 |  |  | 3.32 ± 1.07 |  |  |
Contracted | 97 | 17.4 | 4.32 ± 0.29 |  |  | 4.27 ± 0.50 |  |  |
Temporary | 78 | 13.8 | 4.43 ± 0.33 |  |  | 4.35 ± 0.50 |  |  |
Hospital ownership | Â | Â | Â | 21.451 | 0.000 | Â | 0.970 | 0.325 |
Public hospital | 393 | 70.3 | 4.29 ± 0.83 |  |  | 3.62 ± 1.02 |  |  |
Private hospital | 166 | 29.7 | 3.85 ± 1.08 |  |  | 3.65 ± 1.08 |  |  |