Table 3 Factor loadings of exploratory factor analysis for the Medication Safety Competence Scale

1. Planning care in the medication process

0.796

-

-

-

-

-

2. Communicating individually according to patients’ condition and level in the medication process

0.814

-

-

-

-

-

3. Evaluating my nursing practice in the medication process

0.757

-

-

-

-

-

4. Giving confidence to patients and caregivers in the medication process

0.828

-

-

-

-

-

5. Giving a sense of stability through clear and consistent communication with patient

0.855

-

-

-

-

-

6. Documentation of assessment, planning, administration of medication, and evaluation of outcomes

0.812

-

-

-

-

-

7. Effective patient training to help patients speak of the symptoms of adverse effects

0.776

-

-

-

-

-

8. Practicing medication care with responsibility for the safety of patients

0.795

-

-

-

-

-

9. Detecting adverse reactions in medication

0.820

-

-

-

-

-

10. Improving the complex and vulnerable way of medication safety (e.g., incorrect administration practices)

-

0.855

-

-

-

-

11. Establish prevention measures when medication errors or near-misses occur

-

0.833

-

-

-

-

12. Trying to create a supportive environment that encourages people to talk about problems when medication errors

-

0.852

-

-

-

-

13. Identifying the root cause rather than blaming the individual when medication errors or near-misses occur

-

0.838

-

-

-

-

14. Establishing prevention measures when adverse drug events occur

-

0.714

-

-

-

-

15. Having a questioning attitude and speaking up when you see something that may be unsafe

-

0.682

-

-

-

-

16. Analyzing the case to find the root cause of the medication error

-

0.888

-

-

-

-

17. Reporting to a nursing manager or supervisor when medication errors or near-misses occur

-

0.756

-

-

-

-

18. Understanding the role of environmental factors such as workflow and resources, which effect medication safety

-

-

-

0.812

-

-

19. Understanding the role of human factors, such as fatigue, that affect medication safety

-

-

-

0.652

-

-

20. Finding information about medication from different sources

-

-

-

0.816

-

-

21. Describing prevention activities for medication safety

-

-

-

0.573

-

-

22. Administration according to the right way (patient, drug, dose, route, and time)

-

-

-

0.792

-

-

23. Using information technology and computerized systems for medication safety

-

-

-

0.758

-

-

24. Coping quickly according to hospital protocol when adverse drug events occur

-

-

0.813

-

-

-

25. Coping quickly according to hospital protocol when medication errors or near-misses occur

-

-

0.825

-

-

-

26. Reporting the adverse drug events according to the reporting system

-

-

0.803

-

-

-

27. Reporting the medication errors or near-misses according to the reporting system

-

-

0.802

-

-

-

28. Assess the need for medication by checking patients’ condition and examination results prior to administration

-

-

0.503

-

-

-

29. Managing the medicine according to the hospital’ s medication management guidelines

-

-

0.809

-

-

-

30. Collaborating with multidisciplinary professionals to address medication safety issues

-

-

-

-

0.793

-

31. Communicating effectively between multidisciplinary members to address medication safety issues

-

-

-

-

0.751

-

32. Sharing decision-making between multidisciplinary to address medication safety issues

-

-

-

-

0.807

-

33. Collaborating with other departments for medication safety

-

-

-

-

0.805

-

34. Receiving regularly medication safety training

-

-

-

-

-

0.790

35. Evaluating regularly my knowledge of medication safety

-

-

-

-

-

0.861

36. Performing medication care with the alertness as the professional

-

-

-

-

-

0.850