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Table 1 Categories and items of the online questionnaire survey

From: Influence of new coronavirus pandemic on behavior and awareness of young nurses and nursing students in Japan

Category

Items

Section A: Feelings and behavior during the state of emergency in Japan

A1: Anxiety/fear about COVID-19

Anxiety about infection with the virus

Anxiety about spreading the virus to others

Fear of COVID-19

Fear of death from COVID-19

A2: Voluntary restraint

Accepts request for voluntary restraint

Maintains self-quarantine

Avoids 3Cs

Maintains social distancing

A3: Motivation

Positive motivation to care for patients with COVID-19

A4: Experience of discrimination (for nurses only)

Experiences of discrimination against you or your family

A5: Consideration of premature retirement (for nurses only)

Hopes to retire or change job

Section B: Changes in behavior and awareness prior to and after the rise of COVID-19 in Japan

B1: Frequency of preventive measures

Hand washing

Hand sanitization

Gargling

Use of disposable gloves

Cough etiquette

Air circulation

Wearing a mask

B2: Preventative lifestyle measures

Daily temperature measurement

Daily check of physical condition

Avoidance of personal outings

Avoidance of eating with friends

Avoidance of conversations without a mask

Awareness of getting enough sleep

Awareness of ensuring adequate nutrition

Awareness of stress-relieving behaviors

Awareness of exercise

B3: Professionalism

Satisfied with your career choice to be a nurse

Would recommend the nursing profession to others

(For nurses)

Find nursing rewarding

Motivated to continue in the nursing profession

(For nursing students)

Motivated to become a nurse

B4: Anxiety about nursing

(For nurses)

Anxiety about working as a nurse

(For nursing students)

Anxiety about future work

B5: Views on life and death

Interest in life

Attention to death

Time to think about life and death

  1. The online questionnaire survey we used consists of two major sections, A: Feelings and behavior during the state of emergency in Japan, and B: Changes in behavior and awareness and prior to and after the rise of COVID-19 (from 2019 before the rise of COVID-19 to August 2020, which is 3 months after the end of the state of emergency and when participants answered this questionnaire)
  2. Section A of the questionnaire consists of five categories (A1: Anxiety/fear about COVID-19, A2: Voluntary restraint, A3: Motivation, A4: Experience of discrimination and A5: Consideration of premature retirement) for nurses, and three categories (A1, A2, and A3) for nursing students. A1 and A2 consist of multiple items. Each item was scored according to four responses: 1: not at all, 2: not much, 3; a little, and 4: very much
  3. Section B of the questionnaire consists of five categories (B1: Frequency of preventive measures, B2: Preventative lifestyle measures, B3: Professionalism, B4: Anxiety about nursing, and B5: Views on life and death) for nurses and nursing students. All categories consist of multiple items. Each item was scored according to five responses; 1: large decrease, 2: small decrease, 3; no change, 4: small increase, and 5: large increase