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Table 3 Chronotype and sleep pattern/sleep-related symptoms

From: Sleep–wake rhythm and its association with lifestyle, health-related quality of life and academic performance among Japanese nursing students: a cross-sectional study

 

Morning type

(N = 48)

Intermediate type (N = 319)

Evening type

(N = 80)

Bedtime on weekdays

23:36 ± 0:52

†, ‡

0:30 ± 1:01

1:09 ± 1:21

 

Wake-up time on weekdays

5:56 ± 0:48

†, ‡

6:27 ± 0:46

6:55 ± 2:50

 

Sleep duration on weekdays (h)

6.2 ± 0.9

5.8 ± 1.1

5.2 ± 1.3

 

Bedtime on weekends

23:31 ± 1:04

†, ‡

0:43 ± 1:20

1:34 ± 1:26

 

Wake-up time on weekends

7:04 ± 1:09

†, ‡

8:49 ± 1:37

10:11 ± 1:54

 

Sleep duration on weekends (h)

7.3 ± 1.2

†, ‡

8.0 ± 1.6

 

8.3 ± 1.9

 

Athene Insomnia Scale score

4.4 ± 3.1

†, ‡

6.1 ± 3.7

7.4 ± 3.7

 

Epworth Sleepiness Scale score

10.3 ± 4.9

 

11.7 ± 4.7

 

12.4 ± 5.4

 

Difficulty initiating sleep (%)

15

 

27

 

31

 

Difficulty maintaining sleep (%)

15

 

9

 

13

 

Early morning awakening (%)

19

*

5

 

0

*

Difficulty awakening (%)

15

*

46

 

70

*

  1. mean ± standard deviation, † vs Intermediate (P < 0.05), ‡ vs Evening (P < 0.05),
  2. *|adjusted standardized residual|1.96