| Before the pandemic | During the pandemic |  | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scales | Scale Range |   n | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |    t | p two-tailed | Cohen’s dz |
Stress (single item) | 1–5 | 174 | 3.16 | 0.98 | 3.46 | 1.09 |   3.14 |   .002 |   0.24 |
 -Emotional irritation | 1–7 | 172 | 2.55 | 1.39 | 3.12 | 1.65 |   4.63 | < .001 |   0.35 |
 -Emotional exhaustion | 1–7 | 173 | 3.12 | 1.36 | 3.97 | 1.59 |   8.08 | < .001 |   0.61 |
Flow | 1–6 | 174 | 4.18 | 1.00 | 3.58 | 1.11 | −7.67 | < .001 | −0.58 |
 -Absorption | 1–6 | 170 | 4.54 | 0.90 | 4.05 | 1.09 | −6.66 | < .001 | −0.51 |
 -Demand-skill balance | 1–6 | 174 | 3.90 | 1.20 | 3.41 | 1.26 | −5.38 | < .001 | −0.41 |
 -Enjoyment | 1–6 | 173 | 4.15 | 1.08 | 3.42 | 1.24 | −8.44 | < .001 | −0.64 |
Satisfaction | Â | ||||||||
 -Work | 1–7 | 171 | 4.79 | 1.12 | 4.14 | 1.51 | −5.91 | < .001 | −0.45 |
 -Life | 1–7 | 170 | 5.09 | 1.27 | 4.32 | 1.50 | −5.91 | < .001 | −0.45 |
 -Work performance | 1–7 | 164 | 5.58 | 1.06 | 4.88 | 1.37 | −6.69 | < .001 | −0.52 |
 -Well-being | 1–7 | 167 | 4.74 | 1.29 | 3.97 | 1.48 | −6.03 | < .001 | −0.47 |
Appreciation | Â | ||||||||
 -Patients | 1–5 | 174 | 3.60 | 1.08 | 3.39 | 1.23 | −2.72 |   .007 | −0.21 |
 -Society | 1–5 | 167 | 2.01 | 0.99 | 2.37 | 1.23 |   3.54 |   .001 |   0.27 |