Table 1 The results of integrating the findings from the systematic review of literature and field interviews: Themes, categories, and subcategories

1. Educational competencies

1.1. Nursing clinical instructor’s competencies in the role of teacher

• Orientation of students

• Having professional knowledge and practical skills

• Recognizing and applying methods to facilitate students’ learning

• Guiding and conducting effective group discussions

1.2. Effective professional communication

• Interpersonal communication skills

• Interpersonal professional communication skills

2. Supervision competencies and student support in internships

2.1. Organizing internships

• Guiding and supervising students in internships

• Evaluation of students’ clinical performance

• Setting up a daily internship program

2.2. Supporting students

• Offering emotional support

• Understanding the needs and feelings of students

• Motivating students

• Promoting independence

• Providing assistance

• Giving effective feedback

3. Ethical-professional characteristics of clinical nursing instructors

3.1. Maintaining the ethical values of nursing instructors

• Maintaining the dignity of students and clients

• Observing ethics principles in nursing care

3.2. Professional attitude

• Being a professional instructor

• Being an enthusiastic instructor

• Acting as a role model for professional-ethical values