Table 4 Data collection in the process domain “mechanisms of impact”
Process domain indicator | Topic | Data sources | N (planned number of persons per data collection) | Data collection methods (number of planned data collections where applicable) | Parameters/ Operationalisation | Data type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quant. | Qual. | ||||||
a. Structure | Resources | EN team leader | 1 2 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (3) | Teamwork & networking Description of collaboration with University | ✓ | ✓ |
Safety | EN team leader | 1 2 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (3) | Assessment of aspects of safety regarding practice in isolation & home visits Availability of supervision & mentoring Emergency management | ✓ | ✓ | |
Catchment area & geography | EN team leader | 1 2 | Questionnaires (3), Interviews (3) | Size of the areas in qm2 Particular geographic features (e.g. poor road conditions, lack of mobile coverage) | ✓ | ✓ | |
ePA | All patients | Clinical documentation | Distance between nurses’ office and patient homes in km | ✓ | |||
Documentation and communication | Principal investigator | 1 | Questionnaires (2), interviews (2) | Features of communication within the team and externally incl. barriers and facilitators | ✓ | ✓ | |
EN team leader | 1 2 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (3) | Structure and features of communication and clinical documentation incl. barriers and facilitators | ✓ | ✓ | ||
ENs | 10 | Interviews (3), questionnaires (3), focus groups (2) | Structure and features of communication and clinical documentation incl. barriers and facilitators | ✓ | ✓ | ||
GPs | All GPs | Questionnaires (3) | Use of the referral document and perceived usefulness Structured/systematic communication with ENs, barriers and facilitators | ✓ | |||
b. Core participants | |||||||
Patients | Baseline characteristics | ePA | All patients | Clinical documentation | Age, sex, living situation, diagnoses etc | ✓ | |
Needs | Patients | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Self-reported needs | ✓ | ||
Relatives | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Self-reported patient and own needs | ✓ | |||
ePA | All patients | Clinical documentation | Reasons for referral GP-reported patient needs EN-reported patient needs | ✓ | |||
ENs | 10 | Questionnaires (3) | EN-reported patient needs | ✓ | |||
Expectations and preferences | Patients | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Expectations and preferences regarding own health care in general and care by the ENs | ✓ | ||
Relatives | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Expectations and preferences regarding patient’s health care in general and care by the ENs | ✓ | |||
Acceptance | Patients | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Indications of the extent to which the role of ENs is recognised as a complementary role in the care system | ✓ | ||
Relatives | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Indications of the extent to which the role of ENs is recognised as a complementary role in the care system | ✓ | |||
Resources | ePA | All patients | Clinical documentation | Other health care and allied services involved | ✓ | ||
Patients | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Individual resources & coping strategies | ✓ | |||
ENs | Skills and competencies | ENs | 10 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (3), focus groups (2) | Own perceptions of skills and competencies | ✓ | ✓ |
EN team leader | 1 2 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (3) | Perceptions of ENs competencies | ✓ | ✓ | ||
GPs | All GPs | Questionnaires (3), interviews (2) | Perceptions of ENs competencies, task sharing | ✓ | ✓ | ||
PTHV | 2 | Interviews (2) | Perceptions of ENs competencies | ✓ | |||
Health insurance representatives | 2 | Interviews (2) | Perceptions of ENs competencies | ✓ | |||
Autonomy | ENs | 10 | Questionnaires (4), interviews (3), focus groups (2) | Perception of autonomy | ✓ | ✓ | |
GPs | All GPs | Questionnaires (3), interviews (2), focus groups (1) | Perception of ENs autonomy | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Mentoring & Supervision | ENs | 10 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (3), focus groups (2) | Needs and perception of mentoring and supervision | ✓ | ✓ | |
EN team leader | 1 2 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (3) | Strategies for mentoring and supervision Perception of ENs needs | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Team | ENs | 10 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (3), focus groups (2) | Team as a resource Teamwork | ✓ | ✓ | |
EN team leader | 1 2 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (3) | Team building strategies | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Networking | EN team leader | 1 2 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (3) | Type and structure of networking Barriers and facilitators of networking | ✓ | ✓ | |
GPs | Motivation | GPs | All GPs | Questionnaires (3), interviews (2) | Reasons for participation in the study | ✓ | ✓ |
Previous experiences | GPs | All GPs | Questionnaires (3), interviews (2) | Experiences working with nurses with expanded roles | ✓ | ✓ | |
Expectations & experiences | GPs | All GPs | Questionnaires (3), interviews (2), focus groups (2) | Expectations and experiences regarding interprofessional cooperation and competencies of ENs | ✓ | ✓ | |
Delegation | GPs | All GPs | Interviews (2) | Delegated tasks and whether they have changed | ✓ | ✓ | |
Other health care professionals | Expectations | Health care professionals from other health care services involved in HiH patient care | 5 | Interviews (2) | Expectations regarding cooperation | ✓ | |
Active support and hindrance | Health care professionals from other health care services involved in HiH patient care | 5 | Interviews (2) | To what extent the project/participation in the project is recommended to other patients/GPs/relatives | ✓ | ||
Interfaces | Health care professionals from other health care services involved in HiH patient care | 5 | Interviews (2) | Expected interfaces and how to handle them | ✓ | ||
c. Interpersonal and (inter)professional relationships | Role understanding, role clarity | ENs | 10 | Questionnaires (4), interviews (3), focus groups (2) | Understanding of role performance, responsibilities and tasks Differences to other health care professionals | ✓ | ✓ |
EN team leader | 2 | Interviews (3) | Understanding of role performance, responsibilities, tasks, needed competencies Differences to other health care professionals | ✓ | ✓ | ||
GPs | All GPs | Questionnaires (3), interviews (2), focus groups (1) | Understanding of role performance, responsibilities and tasks Differences to other health care professionals | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Patients | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Understanding of EN role, responsibilities and tasks Differences to other health care professionals | ✓ | |||
Relatives | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Understanding of EN role, responsibilities and tasks Differences to other health care professionals | ✓ | |||
Other health care professionals from other health care services involved in HiH patient care | 5 | Interviews (2) | Understanding of EN role, responsibilities and tasks Differences of EN to other health care professionals | ✓ | |||
PTHV | 2 | Interviews (2) | Understanding of EN role, responsibilities and tasks Differences to other nurses with expanded roles/to ANP/to other health care professionals | ✓ | |||
Empowerment & encouragement of ENs | EN team leader | 2 1 | Interviews (3), questionnaires (3) | Measures for the professional development of the EN | ✓ | ✓ | |
PTHV | 2 | Interviews (2) | Needed EN competencies Measures to support role identification | ✓ | |||
GPs | All GPs | Questionnaires (3), interviews (1) | Support EN in performing/taking over delegated activities | ✓ | |||
ENs | 10 | Interviews (2), questionnaires (3) | Perceived encouragement/empowerment by GPs, EN team leader, other EN, PTHV | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Empowerment & encouragement of patients/relatives | Patients | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Description whether and how patients feel supported by the ENs in dealing with disease-related challenges in daily life | ✓ | ||
Relatives | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Description whether and how relatives feel supported by the ENs in caring for their patient | ✓ | |||
ENs | 10 | Focus group (1), questionnaires (3) | Perceived contribution of ENs to patient self- and symptom management | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Shared decision making | Patient | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Description whether and how patients/relatives feel involved in the planning and delivery of individual care | ✓ | ||
Relatives | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Description if and how patients/relatives feel involved in the planning and delivery of individual care | ✓ | |||
ENs | 10 | Questionnaires (3), interviews (2) | To what extent the ENs feel confident to involve patients/relatives in identify care needs and develop individual care plans | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Empathy | Patients | All Patients | Outcome evaluation questionnaires | Perceived empathy | ✓ | ||
Cooperation and collaboration | ENs | 10 | Questionnaires (4), interviews (3), focus groups (2) | Expectations, experiences Hindering and facilitating factors | ✓ | ✓ | |
GPs | All GPs | Questionnaires (3), interviews (2), focus groups (2) | Expectations and experiences regarding cooperation with ENs and EN team leader | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Other health care professionals from other health care services involved in HiH patient care | 5 | Interviews (2) | Expectations and experiences | ✓ | |||
EN team leader | 2 1 | Interviews (3), questionnaires (3) | Measures to support internal and external cooperation /collaboration Barriers and facilitators | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Accessibility | ENs | 10 | Questionnaires (3) | Assessment of accessibility of GPs | ✓ | ✓ | |
GPs | All GPs | Questionnaires (3) | Assessment of accessibility for ENs and accessibility of ENs | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Patients | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Accessibility of the ENs | ✓ | |||
Relatives | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Accessibility of the ENs | ✓ | |||
Communication | ENs | 10 | Interviews (3), focus groups (2), questionnaires (3) | Communication experienced between ENs and GPs, ENs and EN Team leader, within the EN team as well as between ENs and patients/relatives To what extent ENs feel confident in communicating with GPs regarding -symptom management -need for delegated services To what extent ENs feel confident in communicating with patients/relatives regarding -symptom management -coping with daily life -emotions (e.g. anger, grief) | ✓ | ✓ | |
Principal Investigator | 1 | Interviews (2) | Experienced internal and external communication Barriers and facilitators | ✓ | |||
GPs | All GPs | Interviews (2), questionnaires (3), focus groups (2) | Communication experienced between ENs and GPs To what extent GPs experience ENs in communication in terms of -professional competence -patient-centeredness -interprofessional communication -solution-oriented approaches | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Patients | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Experienced communication (incl. difficulties, contents of communication) | ✓ | |||
Relatives | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Experienced communication (incl. difficulties, contents of communication) | ✓ | |||
Other health care professionals from other health care services involved in HiH patient care | 5 | Interviews (2) | Experienced communication, ways of communication | ✓ | |||
Trust | ENs | 10 | Interviews (3), focus groups (3), questionnaires (3) | Indication for a trusting interprofessional relationship between ENs and GPs | ✓ | ✓ | |
GPs | All GPs | Interviews (2), focus groups (2), questionnaires (3) | Indication for a trusting interprofessional relationship between GPs and ENs | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Patients | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Indications for a trusting interpersonal relationship between ENs and patients | ✓ | |||
Relatives | 2–4 | Interviews (6) | Indications for a trusting interpersonal relationship between ENs and patients/ ENs and relatives | ✓ | |||