Table 2 Participants and the COVID-19 outbreak: clinical experiences from the COVID-19 onset up to graduation, according to their employment status and location (n = 323)
From: The first COVID-19 new graduate nurses generation: findings from an Italian cross-sectional study
Clinical placements from COVID-19 onset (March 2020) to graduation (December 2020) | Overall (n = 323) | Working in COVID-19 units (n = 176) | Working in non-COVID-19 units (n = 74) | Unemployed (n = 73) | COVID-19 vs. non COVID-19 units vs. unemployed p-valuea | Post-hoc testing p-value a,b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Learning experiences attended | ||||||
 At the ward level, weeks | 9.44 (8.79–10.10) | 8.88 (8.04–9.71) | 9.74 (8.14–11.34) | 10.51 (9.17–11.84) | 0.130 | - |
 On distance, weeks | 4.47 (3.26–7.68) | 4.52 (3.66–5.37) | 4.03 (2.70–5.35) | 2.90 (1.68–4.13) | 0.122 | - |
Attended units/hospitals, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Never caring for COVID + patients | 293 (90.7) | 161 (91.5) | 66 (89.2) | 66 (90.4) | 0.846 | - |
 Caring for COVID + patients | 30 (9.3) | 15 (8.5) | 8 (10.8) | 7 (9.6) |  |  |
 Not allowed to access COVID + units | 189 (58.5) | 108 (61.4) | 36 (48.6) | 45 (61.6) | 0.146 | - |
Preceptorship model, n (%) I was supervised by | ||||||
 A clinical nurse | 229 (70.9) | 124 (70.5) | 55 (74.3) | 50 (68.5) | 0.738 | - |
 The nursing staff | 62 (19.2) | 32 (18.2) | 14 (18.9) | 16 (21.9) |  |  |
 Nurse identified daily | 6 (1.9) | 5 (2.8) | 0 | 1 (1.4) |  |  |
 The nurse teacher | 5 (1.5) | 4 (2.3) | 1 (1.4) | 0 |  |  |
 The head nurse | 21 (6.5) | 11 (6.3) | 4 (5.4) | 6 (8.2) |  |  |
Perceived safety, n (%) | ||||||
 Not at All | 3 (0.9) | 3 (1.7) | 0 | 0 | 0.443 | - |
 Very Little | 21 (6.5) | 11 (6.3) | 7 (9.5) | 3 (4.1) |  |  |
 Somewhat | 172 (53.3) | 90 (51.1) | 43 (58.1) | 39 (53.4) |  |  |
 To a Great Extent | 127 (39.3) | 72 (40.9) | 24 (32.4) | 31 (42.5) |  |  |
Perceived preparedness to deal with the clinical rotation, n (%) | ||||||
 Not at All | 11 (3.4) | 7 (4.0) | 3 (4.0) | 1 (1.4) | 0.198 | - |
 Very Little | 55 (17.0) | 34 (19.3) | 15 (20.3) | 6 (8.2) |  |  |
 Somewhat | 174 (53.9) | 88 (50.0) | 42 (56.8) | 44 (60.3) |  |  |
 To a Great Extent | 83 (25.7) | 47 (26.7) | 14 (18.9) | 22 (30.1) |  |  |
Interruptions for quarantine | ||||||
 Yes, for COVID + cases among patients’/health care workers, n (%) | 11 (3.4) | 8 (4.5) | 2 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.006 | - |
 Yes, for COVID + cases among out of hospital contacts, n (%) | 10 (3.1) | 2 (1.1) | 7 (9.5) | 1 (1.4) |  |  |
 Clinical training interruptions, number, mean (CI95%) | 1.07 (0.97–1.17) | 1.07 (0.92–1.21) | 1.11 (0.85–1.37) | 1 (1.00–1.00) | 0.240 | - |
Contagion, n (%) | ||||||
 Yes, during my clinical placements | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 0.028 | 0.005d |
 Yes, at home | 14 (4.3) | 3 (1.7) | 7 (9.5) | 4 (5.5) |  |  |
 I don’t know (I was not tested) | 40 (12.4) | 24 (13.6) | 11 (14.8) | 5 (6.8) |  |  |
 No, never | 268 (83.0) | 149 (84.7) | 55 (74.3) | 64 (87.7) |  |  |
Nursing Programme degree of satisfaction regarding the COVID-19 outbreak management | ||||||
 Not at All | 11 (3.4) | 3 (1.7) | 6 (8.1) | 2 (2.7) | 0.043 | 0.816d |
 Very Little | 76 (23.5) | 44 (25.0) | 18 (24.3) | 14 (19.2) |  |  |
 Somewhat | 198 (68.3) | 103 (58.5) | 42 (56.8) | 53 (72.6) |  |  |
 To a Great Extent | 38 (11.8) | 26 (14.8) | 8 (10.8) | 4 (5.5) |  |  |
Final gradec, mean (CI95%) | 103.4 (102.6–104.2) | 104.0 (103.0–105.0) | 102.2 (100.5–103.9) | 103.1 (101.4–104.7) | 0.143 | - |