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Table 6 Examples of deductive and inductive coding

From: Competency assessment for community health nurses: a focus group expert panel discussion

Deductive coding

Inductive coding

Finalized Themes

Components of core competencies to be assessed

Benchmark with international regulatory documents

Theme 1: International equivalent core competencies components

At par with international countries

Ensure Brunei CHNs can function globally

Different CATS for different level of nurses

Target for Staff Nurse only

Contains generic competencies and also specific competencies for CHNs

Must not be procedural only – should contain more than basic and procedural skills

Cover and demonstrate higher level of thinking

Leadership and management must be assessed because CHNs working in GP setting are like nurse specialist or practitioners

Identify domains or components, put what are to be assessed under the components or domains

Theme 3: Definitive guidelines as framework for assessment

Describe performance indicators, what needs to be achieved, how it needs to be achieved, how achievements are measure

Methods of assessment

Must be varieties

Theme 2: Multi-method approach to assessment

Do not use observation only

CAT should be assessor/assessors friendly

Use reflective diaries

Evidence of research/evidence-based practice

Objective structured clinical examination/ assessment

Case studies/case presentations

Methods of grading

Scale must be not too wide and not too rigid

Theme 3: Definitive guidelines as framework for assessment

Define the scale, give descriptions of the scale

From novice to expert

Four or seven scale

Audit

Viva defense/verbalization/discussion

Organization and structure of the CAT

Readable

Theme 4 – Understanding and acceptability of the competencies assessment tool

Terms used must be understood by both assessors and assesses – provide glossary of terms

Socialization of the CAT through workshops and seminars

Acceptable to be implement (not westernized) - culturally acceptable

Feasible in Brunei healthcare system