Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study population (N = 2285)
Characteristics | Categories | EWCS (n = 1320) | KWCS (n = 965) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | <  30 | 197 (14.9) | 208 (21.6) | <.001 |
30–39 | 322 (24.4) | 333 (34.5) |  | |
40–49 | 355 (26.9) | 279 (28.9) |  | |
50–59 | 350 (26.5) | 137 (14.2) |  | |
≥ 60 | 96 (7.3) | 8 (0.8) |  | |
Gender | Male | 290 (22.0) | 130 (13.5) | <.001 |
Female | 1030 (78.0) | 835 (86.5) | Â | |
Educational level | Associate degree | 977 (76.4) | 490 (50.8) | <.001 |
Bachelor’s degree | 103 (8.0) | 433 (44.9) |  | |
Master’s or higher | 199 (15.6) | 42 (4.3) |  | |
Shift work | Yes | 562 (42.6) | 230 (23.8) | <.001 |
No | 756 (57.4) | 735 (76.2) | Â | |
Night work | Yes | 493 (37.9) | 175 (18.1) | <.001 |
No | 806 (62.1) | 790 (81.9) | Â | |
Working hours per week | < 40 | 973 (75.1) | 456 (47.3) | <.001 |
40–52 | 244 (18.8) | 452 (46.9) |  | |
> 52 | 79 (6.1) | 56 (5.8) |  | |
Long work hours (>  10 h) | Yes | 539 (42.1) | 79 (8.2) | <.001 |
No | 741 (57.9) | 886 (91.8) | Â | |
Quick return (within < 11 h) | Yes | 399 (30.5) | 38 (3.9) | <.001 |
No | 909 (69.5) | 926 (96.1) | Â | |
Work on short notice | Yes | 660 (50.3) | 183 (19.0) | <.001 |
No | 653 (49.7) | 779 (81.0) | Â | |
Changes in work schedule | Yes | 361 (40.4) | 211 (23.3) | <.001 |
No | 533 (59.6) | 693 (76.7) | Â |