Table 2 Codes, subcategories, and categories of challenges with reporting of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Iran
Categories | Subcategories | Codes |
|---|---|---|
Improper structure preparation | Weaknesses in the HAIs recording system and following up with patient | Lack of HAIs fallow up system in discharged patients |
Lack of a data collection system from the clinics | ||
Lack of access to information about the infectious patients when referring to other treatment centers | ||
Failure to record information of infectious patient referred to physicians’ office | ||
Lack of an integrated patient information system (electronic patient records) | ||
Statistics on healthcare-related infections are based solely on hospital information | ||
Shortage of human resources | Incompatibility of the number of ICNs with hospital beds | |
Lack of human resources to fallowing up | ||
Multi-tasking of ICNs | ||
Insufficient activity regulations for ICLNs | ICLNs activities upon request and coercion | |
Acting by relation, not by responsibility | ||
Inactivation of ICLNs | ||
Improper performance of ICLNs | ||
Multitasking of ICLNs | ||
Infrastructure and budgetary problems | Most labs fail to provide reliable data | |
Insufficient funding for infection control unit by MOH | ||
Non-allocation of separate funds for the activities of ICLNs | ||
Lack of funding for the development of Iranian nosocomial surveillance system software | ||
Conflict of interest | Fear of compromising interests | Fear of losing clients |
Concern about the organization’s follow-up and its consequences | ||
Fear of negative reputation | ||
Worry about taking action against yourself | ||
Fear of diminishing benefits | ||
Hidden pressure | Indirect targeting of MOH / Hospitals to overreporting of HAIs | |
Over reporting with good reporting motivation | ||
Exaggeration in HAIs reporting due to the incentive to get a reward from the university | ||
Anxiety caused by a low rate of HAIs | ||
Inadequate motivation | High workload | Multi-tasking of Infection Control Physician |
Nurses’ unwillingness to HAIs reporting due to high workload | ||
Unwillingness to accept the post of ICN because of high workload | ||
Poor quality of training and educational programs | Insufficient training at the beginning of their work (as an ICN/ICLN) - Inadequate preparation of ICN to take responsibility - Self-study about infection control at the beginning of responsibility - Lack of a plan to prepare the nurse for ICN or ICLN | |
No financial incentive | Lack of insufficient funding for ICN | |
Get little for performing tasks | ||
The job of infection control practitioners is almost free | ||
Incompatibility of work and income |