Table 5 Associations between the sample characteristics and their knowledge and attitudes regarding pain pre- and post-pain management education

Range

M (SD)

t, F, or r

p

M (SD)

t, F, or r

p

Sex

Male

Female

21.2 (2.82)

20.2 (4.95)

0.643

.521

21.0 (5.60)

22.3 (5.04)

0.842

.401

Years of Experience

1–15

−.002

.983

−.047

.602

Level of Nursing Education

Diploma

BSN

19.5 (4.22)

22.2 (5.50)

3.057

.003^*

22.3 (5.50)

22.0 (4.12)

0.295

.768

Working Unit

Critical

General

Outpatient

21.4 (6.00)

19.7 (4.15)

20.9 (4.29)

1.672

.192

23.1 (5.79)

21.7 (4.65)

22.3 (5.77)

0.995

.373

Previous Pain Management Training

Yes

No

20.2 (3.48)

20.5 (5.82)

0.330

.742

22.5 (5.10)

21.84 (5.11)

0.746

.457