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Table 1 Differences between pre-test and post-test knowledge and self-efficacy scores of participants in aromatherapy (N = 80)

From: Effectiveness of flipped teaching on the knowledge and self-efficacy of nursing personnel in non-pharmacological pain management-aromatherapy: a quasi-experiment

Variable

Pre-test

Post-test

Mean ± SD

T

P

Mean ± SD

T

P

Knowledge

      

  Experimental group

4.65 ± 1.05

1.117

0.267

5.53 ± 0.56

8.249

0.00*

  Control group

4.05 ± 0.99

  

4.38 ± 1.15

  

Self-efficacy

      

  Experimental group

7.03 ± 1.12

0.787

0.434

8.55 ± 0.96

6.12

0.00*

  Control group

6.83 ± 1.52

  

6.90 ± 1.41

  
  1. *p < 0.05