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Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review

From: Ultrasound-guided versus traditional method for peripheral venous access: an umbrella review

Reference

Reviewed studies

Meta-analysis

Patients

Control group

History of DVA

Outcome [ES (95% CI); I2]

Professional provider

Hospital department

AMSTAR score

Design

No

Total sample

Age (years)

Overall success

First-attempt success rate

No. Attempts

Time

Satisfaction

Associated complications

Egan et al. 2012 [25]

RCT

7

Yes

289

 > 18 < 10 < 7

Standard technique

Yes

OR = 2.42 (1.26,4.68); I2 = NA

NA

WMD = -0.64 (0.76,-0.53); I2 = NA

WMD = 1.18 (-3.55,5.90); I2 = NA

NA

NA

Anesthetists, physicians, pediatricians and nurses

ICU, ED and trauma center

Critically low

Heinrichs et al. 2012 [10]

RCT

9

Yes

376

 > 18 < 10 < 7 < 3

Traditional method

Yes

NA

NA

MD = -0.63 (-1.06,-0.20); I2 = 65%

MD = -0.56 (-1.14,0.03); I2 = 74%

NA

Arterial puncture [NA]

Anesthetists, physicians, nurses and physician/anesthetists-nurse couple

OR*, ED and ICU

Critically low

Kleidon et al. 2021 [26]

RCT

5

Yes

1029

 < 18

Traditional landmark method

Yes

RR = 1.10 (0.94,1.28); I2 = 84%

RR = 1.60 (1.02,2.50); I2 = 91%

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Infiltration, phlebitis and pain [NA]

Anesthetists

OR*, ED and surgical inpatient unit

Critically low

Liu et al. 2014 [13]

RCT

6

No

316

 > 18 < 10 < 3

Traditional landmark method

Yes

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

NA

NA

Pediatric ED attending, fellows, investigator physicians, ED attending and residents and nurses

OR*, ED and ICU

Critically low

Parker et al. 2017 [21]

RCT

3

No

508

 < 18

Traditional techniques

Yes

NA

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

NA

NA

NA

NA

Physicians

OR* and ED

Critically low

Parker et al. 2017 [22]

RCT

2

No

75

18–91

Traditional techniques

Yes

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Physicians and nurses

OR* and ED

Critically low

Stolz et al. 2015 [23]

RCT Observational

7

Yes

NA

 > 18 < 10 < 3

Traditional techniques

Yes

OR = 3.96 (1.75,8.94); I2 = 41%

NA

WMD = -0.50 (-1.36,0.35); I2 = 83%

WMD = -1.07 (-4.66,2.52); I2 = 75%

NA

NA

Physicians and nurses

OR*, ED, pediatric ED and ICU

Critically low

Tran et al. 2021 [11]

RCT Observational

10

Yes

1860

53 ± 5

Landmark and palpation method

No

NA

OR = 2.1 (1.65,2.7); I2 = 2.9%

SMD = -0.27 (-0.539,-0.004); I2 = 59%

SMD = -0.09 (-0.31,0.13); I2 = 38%

SMD = 1.47 (0.92,2.01); I2 = 0%

Hematoma, arterial and nerve puncture, nerve pain and infiltration [NA]

Physicians, medical student, nurses and ED technician

NA

Critically low

Tran et al. 2022 [24]

RCT

7

Yes

527

 > 18

Landmark and palpation method

Yes

NA

OR = 2.09 (1.43,3.05); I2 = 0%

SMD = -0.15 (-0.31,0.01) I2 = 0%

SMD = 0.15 (-0.08,0.38) I2 = 0%

SMD = 0.23 (-0.66,1.11) I2 = 77%

Hematoma, inflammation, accidental catheter removal, obstruction, pain and infiltration [NA]

Nurses

OR*, ED and ICU

Critically low

van Loon et al. 2018 [12]

RCT Observational

8

Yes

1660

 > 18

Traditional palpation and direct visualization technique

No

OR = 2.49 (1.37,4.52); I2 = 69%

OR = 1.82 (0.68,4.90); I2 = 69%

MD = 0.92 (-0.10,1.94); I2 = 92%

MD = 4.74 (-2.09,11.57); I2 = 87

MD = 32.57 (22.42,42.73); I2 = 0%

Pain and arterial and nerve puncture and infiltration [NA]

Physicians and nurses

OR*, ED and ICU

Critically low

Varnderll et al. 2018 [20]

RCT Non-RCT Observational

9

No

1528

 ≥ 16

Palpation technique

Yes

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Included (No quantitative synthesis)

Hematoma, arterial puncture, pain and infiltration

Nurses

ED

Critically low

Ye et al. 2022 [27]

RCT

9

Yes

1312

 < 18

Palpation technique

No

RR = 1.13 (1.01, 1.26) I2 = 77.5%

RR = 1.53 (1.14, 2.04) I2 = 84.5%

SMD = -1.93 (-3.44,-0.42); I2 = 98.3%

SMD = -0.46 (-1.20,0.28); I2 = 95.1%

NA

Infiltration [RR = 1.59 (0.99,2.54) I2 = 0%] and phlebitis [NA]

Anesthetists, physicians and nurses

OR* and ED

Critically low

  1. CI Confidence interval, DVA Difficult venous access, ED Emergency department, ES Effect size, ICU Intensive care unit, MD Mean difference, NA Not available, No Number, OR Odds ratio, OR* Operating room, RCT Randomized controlled trial, RR Relative Risk, SMD Standardized mean difference, WMD Weighted mean difference