Knowledge statement | N (%) |
---|---|
1. Which of the following is an indication to perform a tracheostomy?a | |
Airway obstructionb | 324 (82.0%) |
Prolonged mechanical ventilationb | 269 (68.1%) |
Inability to intubateb | 231 (58.5%) |
Neck traumab | 175 (44.3%) |
Facial fractureb | 159 (40.3%) |
Neuromuscular diseaseb | 156 (39.5%) |
Bilateral vocal cord paralysisb | 147 (37.2%) |
Infections | 141 (35.7%) |
Congenital anomalyb | 125 (31.6%) |
Neoplasmb | 87 (22.0%) |
Prophylaxis in head and neck proceduresb | 78 (19.7%) |
2. How frequently should the inner cannula be checked and cleaned? | |
Once a day | 139 (35.2%) |
Twice a dayb | 159 (40.3%) |
Every 2 days | 33 (08.4%) |
Once a week | 18 (04.6%) |
I do not know | 46 (11.6%) |
3. Which of the following is a component of the tracheostomy care kit? | |
Inner cannula | 177 (44.8%) |
Obturator | 49 (12.4%) |
Plug | 29 (07.3%) |
Hydrogen peroxideb | 68 (17.2%) |
I do not know | 72 (18.2%) |
4. What are the characteristics of an ideal tracheostomy stoma? | |
Clean and dryb | 333 (84.3%) |
Wet | 18 (04.6%) |
Full of granulation tissues | 13 (03.3%) |
I do not know | 31 (07.8%) |
5. What is the ideal cuff pressure? | |
Below 25 cm H2Ob | 180 (45.6%) |
Above 26 cm H2O | 42 (10.6%) |
Below 35 cm H2O | 06 (01.5%) |
Above 35 cm H2O | 33 (08.4%) |
I do not know | 134 (33.9%) |
6. When should the cuff be deflated? | |
When the patient is off MVb | 192 (48.6%) |
Cuff should always be kept inflated | 123 (31.1%) |
I do not know | 80 (20.3%) |
7. Do patients with a tracheostomy require ‘humidification’? | |
Yesb | 303 (76.7%) |
No | 46 (11.6%) |
I do not know | 46 (11.6%) |
8. How frequent should ‘suctioning’ be performed? | |
Only when indicatedb | 187 (47.3%) |
Routinely every 2 h | 101 (25.6%) |
Routinely every 4 h | 40 (10.1%) |
Routinely on each shift | 32 (08.1%) |
I do not know | 35 (08.9%) |
9. Which of the following is an indication for suctioning?a | |
Audible or visual signs of secretions in the tube* | 318 (80.5%) |
Signs of respiratory distressb | 274 (69.4%) |
Blocked or partially blocked tubeb | 265 (67.1%) |
Vomiting | 138 (34.9%) |
Desaturation on pulse oximetryb | 224 (56.7%) |
I do not know | 30 (07.6%) |
10. What is the appropriate suctioning pressure? | |
50-70 mmHg | 34 (08.6%) |
80-120 mmHgb | 234 (59.2%) |
120-150 mmHg | 38 (09.6%) |
I do not know | 89 (22.5%) |
11. Appropriate length of the suction tube in relation to cannula length | |
Shorter | 45 (11.4%) |
Same lengthb | 131 (33.2%) |
Longer | 157 (39.7%) |
I do not know | 62 (15.7%) |
12. When should the sutures be removed after surgical insertion? | |
5-7 daysb | 170 (43.0%) |
14 days | 102 (25.8%) |
21 days | 16 (04.1%) |
30 days | 09 (02.3%) |
I do not know | 98 (24.8%) |
13. When should the first tube be changed? | |
5-10 daysb | 143 (36.2%) |
3 weeks | 43 (10.9%) |
1 month | 53 (13.4%) |
3 months | 63 (15.9%) |
I do not know | 93 (23.5%) |
14. Mandatory bedside tracheostomy equipment that should be maintained constantlya | |
Tracheal dilator* | 246 (62.3%) |
Spare tracheostomy tube of a larger size | 101 (25.6%) |
Spare tracheostomy tube of the same sizeb | 221 (55.9%) |
Spare tracheostomy tube of a smaller sizeb | 109 (27.6%) |
Yankauer suction tip | 208 (52.7%) |
Endotracheal tube | 147 (37.2%) |
I do not know | 58 (14.7%) |
15. What is the first measure that should be taken for accidental decannulation? | |
Reinsert the tubeb | 84 (21.3%) |
Bag mask ventilation | 156 (39.5%) |
Jaw thrust | 17 (04.3%) |
Head tilt chin lift | 58 (14.7%) |
I do not know | 80 (20.3%) |
16. Which instrument will facilitate re-insertion of the tracheostomy tube? | |
Laryngoscope | 38 (09.6%) |
Tracheal dilatorb | 181 (45.8%) |
Obturator | 58 (14.7%) |
Suction catheter | 19 (04.8%) |
I do not know | 99 (25.1%) |
17. What is the first measure that should be taken for tube obstruction? | |
Ask patient to cough | 77 (19.5%) |
Remove the tube | 56 (14.2%) |
Insert suctionb | 130 (32.9%) |
Deflate the cuff | 68 (17.2%) |
I do not know | 64 (16.2%) |
18. Which of the following is a sign of tube obstruction?a | |
Noisy breathingb | 211 (53.4%) |
Difficult breathingb | 267 (67.6%) |
Use of accessory musclesb | 212 (53.7%) |
Abdominal pain | 69 (17.5%) |
Drop in oxygen saturationb | 283 (71.6%) |
Difficulty passing suction catheterb | 230 (58.2%) |
I do not know | 46 (11.6%) |
19. What is the first measure that should be taken for tracheostomy bleeding? | |
Inflate the cuffb | 33 (08.4%) |
Remove the tube | 27 (06.8%) |
Apply pressure dressing | 172 (43.5%) |
Start suctioning | 87 (22.0%) |
I do not know | 76 (19.2%) |
20. Which of the following signs indicate infection?a | |
Feverb | 366 (92.7%) |
Granulation tissuesb | 126 (31.9%) |
Tissue breakdownb | 125 (31.6%) |
Foul odor mucusb | 252 (63.8%) |
Increased respiratory rateb | 184 (46.6%) |
Swellingb | 215 (54.4%) |
I do not know | 26 (06.6%) |
21. Which of the following measures will help in reducing tracheostomy-related infections?a | |
Systemic antibiotics | 273 (69.1%) |
Wet dressingb | 107 (27.1%) |
Swab if there is any secretionb | 208 (52.7%) |
Topical steroid for granulation tissuesb | 111 (28.1%) |
I do not know | 48 (12.2%) |
Total knowledge score (mean ± SD) | 21.6 ± 9.11 |
Level of knowledge | |
Poor | 232 (58.7%) |
Moderate | 154 (39.0%) |
Good | 9 (02.3%) |