Assessment of the ability, perception, and readiness of nurses to manage tracheostomy-related complications in Riyadh City: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Differences in knowledge score according to socio-demographic characteristics of nurses (s = 348)

Factor	Knowledge score mean ± SD	Z/H value	P-value
Age group^a
20–30 years	18.9 ± 9.37	H = 22.189	< 0.001**
31–40 years	23.4 ± 8.87
> 40 years	22.9 ± 7.57
Sex^b
Male	20.9 ± 9.63	Z = 0.813	0.416
Female	21.8 ± 9.00	Z = 0.813	0.416
Education level^a
Diploma	17.9 ± 9.79	H = 17.756	< 0.001**
Bachelor’s degree	22.2 ± 8.72
Master’s degree or PhD	26.9 ± 8.45
Years in practice^a
< 5 years	16.9 ± 9.01	H = 40.827	< 0.001**
5–10 years	23.4 ± 8.65
> 10 years	23.7 ± 8.28
Level of care provided by hospital^a
Primary	16.8 ± 8.69	H = 71.332	< 0.001**
Secondary	17.8 ± 7.87
Tertiary	24.9 ± 8.28
Type of institution^b
Government	22.5 ± 8.98	Z = 4.665	< 0.001**
Private	16.5 ± 8.27	Z = 4.665	< 0.001**
Where do you work in the hospital?^a
Medical ward	20.8 ± 10.7	H = 2.333	0.801
Surgical ward	22.0 ± 7.55
ICU	22.2 ± 8.08
OPD	21.7 ± 9.90
OR	23.1 ± 7.87
ER	20.6 ± 7.59
Previously cared for tracheostomized patients^b
Yes	22.9 ± 8.17	Z = 4.729	< 0.001**
No	17.0 ± 10.8	Z = 4.729	< 0.001**
Attended course or lecture about managing patients with tracheostomy^b
Yes	22.8 ± 8.54	Z = 3.313	< 0.001**
No	19.4 ± 9.72	Z = 3.313	< 0.001**

Abbreviations: OPD Outpatient department, ICU Intensive care unit, OR Operating room, ER Emergency room
^ap-value calculated using Kruskal–Wallis H-test
^bp-value calculated using Mann–Whitney Z-test
^**Significant at p < 0.05 level

ISSN: 1472-6955