Table 1 Examples of widely used Patient Safety Culture measurement instruments and relevant characteristics

Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture 1.0 (HSOPSC 1.0)

12/42

α ≥ 70 (except Staffing (staffing = 62))

Safety Attitudes Questionnaire SAQ (Sexton 2006)

6/60

Raykov ṅ Coefficient = 0.90

Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organisations PSCHO (Singer 2007)

9/38

0.50–0.89

Short-form Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organisations (Benzer 2017)

3/15

0.74–0.84

Patient and Occupational Safety Culture Questionnaire (Wagner 2018)

23/73

0.59–0.89