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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients (n = 94)

From: Effects of a multidisciplinary management program on symptom burden and medication adherence in heart failure patients with comorbidities: A randomized controlled trial

Characteristic

MMP (n = 47)

UC (n = 47)

P-value

Age group (years), n (%)

  

0.328 a

 < 65

27 (57.4)

22 (46.8)

 

 ≥ 65

20 (42.6)

25 (53.2)

 

Gender, no. (%)

  

0.680 a

Female

22 (46.8)

25 (53.2)

 

Male

25 (53.2)

22 (46.8)

 

Marital status, no. (%)

  

0.013 a

Married

39 (82.9)

47 (100)

 

Widowed/ Divorced

8 (17.1)

0 (0)

 

Education, no. (%)

  

0.163 a

Primary school

36 (76.6)

32 (68.1)

 

Middle school

7 (14.9)

9 (19.1)

 

Diploma or higher

4 (8.5)

6 (12.8)

 

HF etiology, no. (%)

  

0.785 a

Ischemic

40 (85.1)

38 (80.9)

 

Nonischemic

7 (14.9)

9 (19.1)

 

Time of diagnosis (years), n (%)

  

 < 0.001 a

 < 5

13 (27.7)

32 (68.1)

 

 ≥ 5

34 (72.3)

15 (31.9)

 

HF hospitalization, no. (%)

  

0.230 a

 ≤ 3

20 (42.6)

22 (46.8)

 

 ≥ 4

27 (57.4)

25 (53.2)

 

NYHA class, no. (%)

  

0.971 a

II

15 (31.9)

16 (34.1)

 

III

19 (40.4)

18 (38.2)

 

IV

13 (27.7)

13 (27.7)

 

LVEF, no. (%)

  

0.432 a

 < 40%

40 (85.1)

36 (76.6)

 

 ≥ 40%

7 (14.9)

11 (23.4)

 

HF Medication Prescribed, Yes, no. (%)

ACEi/ARB

40 (85.1)

41 (87.2)

0.990 a

Beta-blocker

28 (59.6)

21 (44.7)

0.215 a

Diuretics c

23 (48.9)

21 (44.7)

0.836 a

Calcium channel blocker

6 (12.8)

7 (14.9)

0.331 a

Digitalis

14 (29.8)

17 (36.2)

0.661 a

Comorbidities medication, Yes, no. (%)

  

 < 0.001 a

2–4

10 (21.3)

40 (85.1)

 

5–7

19 (40.4)

6 (12.8)

 

8–10

18 (38.2)

1 (2.1)

 

Clinical examination, mean (SD.)

BMI, kg/m2

27.0 ± 4/5

25.3 ± 4/4

0.069 b

SBP, mmHg

127.5 ± 25/9

127.0 ± 25.1

0.937 b

DBP, mmHg

78.6 ± 11.3

80.1 ± 15.0

0.580 b

Heart rate, bpm

78.8 ± 2.6

80.1 ± 1.9

0.522 b

Laboratory value, mean (SD.)

Serum sodium, mEq

140.1 ± 3.9

140.5 ± 3.5

0.639 b

Serum potassium, mEq

4.1 ± 0.5

4.0 ± 0.4

0.684 b

Serum creatinine, mg/dL

1.2 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.3

0.235 b

Hemoglobin, g/L

13.3 ± 1.9

13.4 ± 1.7

0.787 b

  1. MMP, multidisciplinary management program; UC, usual care; SD, standard deviation; HF, heart failure; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure
  2. c Includes loop diuretics, thiazides, and aldosterone antagonists
  3. a Pearson Chi-squared test
  4. b Independent sample t-test