Spiritual leadership among nursing educators: a correlational cross-sectional study with psychological capital

Abou Zeid, Mennat-Allah G.; El-Ashry, Ayman Mohamed; Kamal, Manar Ahmed; Khedr, Mahmoud Abdelwahab

doi:10.1186/s12912-022-01163-y

BMC Nursing

Table 5 Multinomial Logistic Regression Model between Socio-Demographic, Clinical Data, and Spiritual Leadership Scale

From: Spiritual leadership among nursing educators: a correlational cross-sectional study with psychological capital

Variables		Moderate				High
		P-value	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval		P-value	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval
		P-value	Odds Ratio	Lower	Upper	P-value	Odds Ratio	Lower	Upper
Age		0.214	0.959	0.899	1.024	0.709	0.986	0.913	1.064
Gender	Male	0.476	0.521	0.087	3.134	0.869	0.858	0.140	5.271
Gender	Female	Ref				Ref
Educational Level	PhD	0.605	0.695	0.175	2.757	0.404	1.875	0.428	8.207
	Master’s Degree	0.347	0.510	0.125	2.075	0.665	0.712	0.154	3.297
	Higher Diploma after Baccalaureate	0.219	0.150	0.007	3.092	0.141	0.717	0.461	1.116
	Bachelor of Nursing	Ref				Ref
Scientific Degree	Professor	0.502	2.764	0.142	53.721	0.110	11.903	0.572	247.695
	Assistant Professor	0.467	0.437	0.047	4.069	0.754	1.450	0.142	14.819
	Lecturer	0.315	2.422	0.432	13.584	0.089	4.529	0.795	25.811
	Assistant Lecturer	0.033	5.782	1.152	29.019	0.136	3.479	0.676	17.921
	Demonstrator	0.010	14.189	1.884	106.865	0.210	3.941	0.463	33.577
	Practical Guide	Ref				Ref
Number of Years of Experience Within the Department	Less than 5 years	0.345	0.248	0.014	4.473	0.905	0.835	0.043	16.344
	10–5 years old	0.278	0.199	0.011	3.670	0.705	0.566	0.030	10.795
	10–15 years old	0.737	1.594	0.105	24.102	0.934	1.124	0.070	17.989
	More than 15 years	Ref				Ref
Number of Years of Experience Since Graduation	Less than 5 years	0.743	0.733	0.115	4.669	0.481	0.512	0.079	3.297
	10–5 years old	0.685	0.607	0.055	6.742	0.774	0.699	0.061	8.024
	10–15 years old	0.360	0.299	0.022	3.966	0.614	0.510	0.037	6.965
	More than 15 years	Ref				Ref
Vision	Score	0.001	2.767	1.788	4.283	0.001	12.068	6.381	22.825
Hope and Faith	Score	0.008	2.464	1.265	4.801	0.001	18.457	5.347	63.714
Altruistic Love	Score	0.001	2.402	1.399	4.125	0.001	9.631	4.200	22.087
Self-Efficacy	Low	0.254	0.148	0.006	3.945	0.001	9.762	9.762	9.762
	Moderate	0.491	0.588	0.130	2.657	0.001	0.041	0.011	0.153
	High	Ref				Ref
	Score	0.052	1.234	0.998	1.525	0.005	1.445	1.118	1.868
Hope	Low	0.019	0.044	0.003	0.597	0.001	5.609	5.609	5.609
	Moderate	0.094	0.228	0.040	1.287	0.001	0.039	0.011	0.143
	High	Ref				Ref
	Score	0.143	1.145	0.955	1.371	0.001	1.521	1.206	1.920
Resilience	Low	0.812	1.739	0.018	164.914	0.001	0.021	0.002	0.201
	Moderate	0.389	1.904	0.440	8.246	0.001	0.035	0.009	0.133
	High	Ref				Ref
	Score	0.313	0.872	0.668	1.138	0.166	0.801	0.585	1.097
Optimism	Low	0.291	0.195	0.009	4.073	0.001	1.503	1.503	1.503
	Moderate	0.492	1.672	0.387	7.226	0.092	0.407	0.143	1.160
	High	Ref				Ref
	Score	0.963	1.004	0.847	1.190	0.823	0.977	0.798	1.196
Psychological Capital Scale	Score	0.001	1.069	1.034	1.106	0.001	1.179	1.125	1.236

PhD: Doctor of Philosophy Ref: Reference P-values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. The reference category is (Low Grade

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