Table 1 Overview of the six sub-studies, aims, designs and methods

Aims

To translate questionnaires into Norwegian and to analyse the questionnaire’s psychometric properties.

To investigate healthcare personnel’s perception of teamwork and team decision making, and attitude towards teamwork.

To explore the impact of an inter-professional teamwork intervention in a surgical ward with regard to team decision making, patient safety culture and teamwork.

To describe inter-professional team members’ and leaders’ perception of teamwork and the impact of implementation of a teamwork intervention in a surgical ward.

To explore patients’ perception of quality of care in relation to an inter-professional teamwork intervention in a surgical ward.

To explore the impact of an inter-professional teamwork intervention in a surgical ward with regard to patient outcome and adverse events.

Design

Cross-sectional

Cross-sectional

Quasi-experimental – controlled before-and- after.

Qualitative descriptive

Quasi-experimental – uncontrolled before-and-after.

Quasi-experimental – time-series

Intervention

Sample/Setting

Healthcare personnel, approximately 600, working in acute and non-acute units in Hospital A and Hospital B.

Healthcare personnel, approximately 600, working in acute and non-acute units in Hospital A and Hospital B.

All healthcare personnel, approximately 120, working in three surgical wards in three hospitals, including one intervention ward (Hospital C) and two control wards (Hospital D and Hospital E).

Leaders, physicians, registered nurses and assistant nurses, approximately 20, working in the intervention surgical ward in Hospital C.

Patients admitted to the intervention surgical ward (Hospital C) who meet the inclusion criteria: 18 years or older, understand Norwegian, are in a mental and physical health condition which makes it ethically justifiable to participate. Power analysis is conducted.

Patient register data and data from patients’ medical records (Hospital C). A power analysis with regard to number of patients’ medical records is conducted.

Data collection

Translation and back-translation of the three questionnaires: Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire (T-TPQ), Teamwork Attitude Questionnaire (T-TAQ), Collaboration and Satisfaction About Care Decisions (CSACD). A survey with a paper version of the translated questionnaires.

A survey with a paper version of the translated questionnaires T-TAQ, T-TPQ, CSACD.

An electronic survey with T-TAQ, T-TPQ, CSACD and HSOPSC questionnaires will be administered at three occasions (before the intervention, and after six and 12 months).

Ward statistics will be collected.

Focus group interviews will be conducted on three occasions (before the intervention, and after six and 12 months).

A survey with paper version of the questionnaire Quality from Patient’s Perspective will be administered on three occasions (before the intervention and after six and 12 months).

Anonymous patient data from local registers and from medical records (by use of Global Trigger Tool) will be released before and during the intervention period.

Data analysis

IBM SPSS 23 with descriptive statistics, explorative factor analysis and IBM SPSS AMOS 22 with confirmatory factor analysis. Intraclass Correlation (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha

IBM SPSS 23 with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test, ANOVA and Multiple regression analysis.

IBM SPSS 23 with descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Paired t-test, Wilcoxon Signed rank test, ANOVA and Multiple regression analysis.

A Manifest inductive content analysis.

IBM SPSS 23 with descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney U-tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA and Multiple regression analysis.

IBM SPSS 23 with descriptive statistics, Time series analysis.

Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney U-tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, ANOVA and Multiple regression analysis.