Table 2 Mortality of craniotomy patients by characteristics of hospitals
Variables | Categories | Survival (n = 43,464) | Death (n = 3315) | χ 2 (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||||
Type | Tertiary hospital | 27,977(95.1) | 1447(4.9) | 566.55 (<.001) | |
Secondary hospital | 15,487(89.2) | 1868(10.8) | |||
Ownership | Public sector | 7700(96.1) | 313(3.9) | 179.86 (<.001) | |
Educational foundation | 19,661(91.9) | 1733(8.1) | |||
Medical or other corporation | 14,057(93.1) | 1050(7.0) | |||
Private corporation | 2046(90.3) | 219(9.7) | |||
Location | Capital (Seoul) | 17,626(96.0) | 736(4.0) | 441.85 (<.001) | |
Metropolitan cities | 11,812(91.4) | 1117(8.6) | |||
Other cities and rural areas | 14,026(90.6) | 1462(9.4) | |||
Number of craniotomy patients | 10–49 | 2391(84.4) | 442(15.6) | 1232.37 (<.001) | |
50–99 | 5267(86.8) | 802(13.2) | |||
100–499 | 13,187(91.1) | 1291(8.9) | |||
500 | 22,619(96.7) | 780(3.3) | |||
Number of beds per physician | <  2 | 14,823(97.7) | 345(2.3) | 950.40 (<.001) | |
2 ≤ and < 4 | 16,202(91.9) | 1437(8.2) | |||
4 ≤ and < 6 | 8123(90.4) | 868(9.7) | |||
≥ 6 | 4316(86.7) | 665(13.4) | |||
Registered Nurse (RN) staffing level | Bed-to-RN ratio in general wards (grade) | <  2.5 (0–1) | 20,946(96.0) | 875(4.0) | 948.91 (<.001) |
2.5 ≤ and < 3.5 (2–3) | 20,544(91.2) | 1973(8.8) | |||
3.5 ≤ and < 4.5 (4–5) | 640(81.7) | 143(18.3) | |||
≥4.5 (6–7) | 1334(80.5) | 324(19.5) | |||
Bed-to-RN ratio in the ICUs (grade) | < 0.63 (1–2) | 28,107(95.6) | 1301(4.4) | 949.14 (<.001) | |
0.63 ≤ and <  0.88 (3–4) | 10,724(89.2) | 1299(10.8) | |||
0.88 ≤ and < 1.25 (5–6) | 3425(88.3) | 454(11.7) | |||
≥1.25 (7–9) | 1208(82.2) | 261(17.8) | |||
Bed-to-RN ratio in the hospitals overall | < 1.25 | 23,461(95.0) | 1226(5.0) | 523.71 (<.001) | |
1.25 ≤ and < 1.67 | 12,801(92.0) | 1119(8.0) | |||
1.67 ≤ and <  2.50 | 4281(89.9) | 483(10.1) | |||
≥2.50 | 2921(85.7) | 487(14.3) | |||