Internationally trained nurses and host nurses’ perceptions of safety culture, work-life-balance, burnout, and job demand during workplace integration: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on the 11 subscales of the SCORE questionnaire

	Host Nurses mean (SD)	Internationally trained Nurses mean (SD)	F	p-value	Cohen’s D
Safety Culture Domains
Learning Environment ^(a)	62.5 (18.5)	63.7 (12.9)	1.65	0.195	n/a
Teamwork Climate ^(a)	54.5 (16.5)	55.2 (13.0)	1.82	0.166	n/a
Local Leadership ^(a)	62.3 (22.2)	61.5 (15.5)	1.25	0.561	n/a
Safety Climate ^(a)	57.1 (17.6)	57.2 (12.1)	2.29	0.425	n/a
Burnout Climate ^(b)	66.4 (23.5)	55.4 (22.5)	3.65	0.028*	0.47
Personal Burnout ^(b)	49.0 (25.9)	46.9 (23.1)	0.26	0.767	n/a
Work-Life-Balance
Work-Life-Balance ^(c)	2.31 (0.66)	2.02 (0.86)	7.46	0.001*	0.38
Engagement Assessment Tool
Growth Opportunities ^(d)	3.54 (0.76)	3.45 (0.66)	0.78	0.460	n/a
Workload ^(d)	4.06 (0.65)	3.67 (0.81)	3.71	0.027*	0.53
Participation in Decision making ^(d)	3.46 (0.67)	3.38 (0.50)	1.01	0.366	n/a
Advancement ^(d)	3.04 (0.74)	3.21 (0.74)	1.68	0.189	n/a

^(a) Positive perceptions were defined as having scale scores > 50; ^(b) Moderately high levels of emotional exhaustion were defined as having scales scores > 50 ≤ 75; ^(c) Mean scores ≤ 2.0 reflect fewer problems with work-life balance; ^(d) Higher scores (≥3.0) indicated more positives norms for advancement, growth opportunities and inclusive decision-making but worse norms regarding workload; Statistical comparisons were based on the mean scores and the variation.; Models are adjusted for gender and age; *Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05

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