Table 3 Participants´ answers about sterility precautions during indwelling urethral catheterization
Survey questions | Both hospitals | Hospital A | Hospital B | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Insertion technique, n (%) | 0.011** | |||
Sterile technique*** | 206 (25.3) | 139 (28.5) | 67 (20.5) | |
Non-sterile technique | 608 (74.7) | 348 (71.5) | 260 (79.5) | |
Sterility of the IUC during insertion, n (%) | 0.175 | |||
Sterile IUC*** | 658 (80.6) | 403 (82.2) | 255 (78.2) | |
Non-sterile IUC | 158 (19.4) | 87 (17.8) | 71 (21.8) | |
Hand hygiene prior to preparing for procedure, n (%) | 0.079 | |||
Disinfected hands*** | 730 (89.6) | 446 (91.2) | 284 (87.1) | |
Other answers (e.g. clean hands) | 85 (10.4) | 43 (8.8) | 42 (12.9) | |
Solution for periurethral cleaning, n (%) | 0.640 | |||
Soap and tap water | 678 (83.3) | 404 (82.8) | 274 (84.0) | |
Sterile normal saline 9 mg/ml | 75 (9.2) | 44 (9.0) | 31 (9.5) | |
Other answers | 61 (7.5) | 40 (8.2) | 21 (6.4) | |
Area for preparing equipment prior to IUC-insertion, n (%) | < 0.001** | |||
On a disinfected trolley*** | 545 (66.7) | 304 (55.8) | 241 (74.2) | |
Other answers (e.g. bedside table, bed) | 272 (33.3) | 188 (38.2) | 84 (25.8) | |
Set for catheterization, n (%) | 0.127 | |||
Sterile set | 460 (57.0) | 274 (56.7) | 186 (57.4) | |
Non-sterile set | 206 (25.5) | 115 (23.8) | 91 (28.1) | |
Do not use a set | 141 (17.5) | 94 (19.5) | 47 (14.5) | |
Dressing on insertion area, n (%) | 0.225 | |||
Sterile drapes for dressing | 148 (18.2) | 95 (19.5) | 53 (16.2) | |
Non-sterile drapes for dressing | 568 (69.7) | 329 (67.4) | 239 (73.1) | |
No drapes used on insertion area | 99 (12.1) | 64 (13.1) | 35 (10.7) | |
Insertion of the IUC, n (%) | 0.042** | |||
With sterile gloves/forceps/ | 537 (65.8) | 336 (68.6) | 201 (61.7) | |
Inner cover*** With non-sterile gloves/forceps | 279 (34.2) | 154 (31.4) | 125 (38.3) | |
Type of equipment for IUC-insertion, n (%) | 0.004** | |||
Disposable equipment | 774 (95.3) | 472 (97.1) | 302 (92.6) | |
Reusable equipment | 38 (4.7) | 14 (2.9) | 24 (7.4) | |
Fluid for urinary bladder washouts, n (%) | 0.331 | |||
Sterile normal saline 9 mg/ml*** | 713 (97.1) | 434 (97.3) | 279 (96.9) | |
Tap water | 8 (1.1) | 3 (0.7) | 5 (1.7) | |
Other fluids (e.g. disinfectants) | 13 (1.8) | 9 (2.0) | 4 (1.4) | |