Mealtime caregiving approaches and behavioral symptoms in persons living with dementia: a longitudinal, observational study

Table 2 Caregiving approaches associated with behavioral symptoms of persons living with dementia during mealtime

	CMAI total duration^a			Aggressive behavior^a			Physically nonaggressive behavior^a			Verbally agitated behavior^a
Variables	Coeff	SE	P-Value	Coeff	SE	P-Value	Coeff	SE	P-Value	Coeff	SE	P-Value
ADL	−0.08	1.05	.939	0.03	0.19	.863	−0.47	1.60	.767	−0.31	0.40	.444
MMSE	−0.37	0.38	.329	−0.07	0.06	.229	−0.97	0.66	.140	−0.12	.014	.382
Taking dementia medication	−32.52	12.66	.010	–	–	–	− 108.48	49,207.54	.998	−1.22	4.39	.781
Caregivers’ approaches
Person-centered behavior
Verbal behavior	8.63	4.71	.067	−5.24	5.32	.325	7.79	6.41	.224	−1.44	2.15	.503
Nonverbal behavior	−6.80	26.13	.795	26.83	31.45	.394	−18.99	33.95	.576	10.64	10.73	.321
Task-centered behavior
Verbal behavior	8.43	4.10	.040	−5.44	5.33	.308	8.32	4.98	.095	−1.27	1.99	.524
Nonverbal behavior	42.19	26.16	.107	28.85	31.81	.364	0.93	32.07	.977	51.29	10.99	<.001
No interaction
No verbal response	9.09	3.80	.017	−5.30	5.31	.318	9.36	4.59	.042	−1.95	1.90	.304
No nonverbal response	1.64	22.73	.942	28.92	31.89	.365	0.37	27.57	.989	6.47	9.46	.494
Time
Baseline	Ref
3 month	2.40	2.07	.246	−0.10	0.33	.762	.012	3.15	.969	−0.01	0.96	.995
6 month	−1.36	2.34	.562	0.56	0.32	.086	−0.04	3.36	.991	−1.55	1.05	.139

Note. ADL Activities of Daily Living, Coeff Coefficient, MMSE Mini Mental Status Exam
^aAnalysis included dummy variables for study facilities to control for their effects, but output was suppressed to protect confidentiality.

ISSN: 1472-6955